Apamea furva, the confused, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found throughout Europe. In southwestern Europe it is primarily montane. It is found as far north as the Arctic Circle. From Europe its range extends to Siberia, Turkey, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Xinjiang in China. The population in Great Britain and Ireland is sometimes treated as a subspecies, Apamea furva britannica. The wingspan is 34–42 mm. Forewing varying from brownish to blackish fuscous, more or less dusted with grey or whitish scales, especially along the costa and inner margin and along the veins; lines conversely edged with pale; claviform stigma black-edged, or filled in with black; orbicular grey, with pale ring and black outline, often obscure; reniform always whiter, especially on outer edge; submarginal line whitish, waved, always preceded by distinct black wedge-shaped marks; the brown fringe finely cut by pale dashes; hindwing smoky grey, the terminal half smoky fuscous; veins and cellspot darker; the blackish fuscous forms, still with paler dusting, are ab. freyeri [Boie] and infernalis Ev. the latter being the darker.Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914 Apamea furva is difficult to certainly distinguish from its congener Apamea remissa (Hübner, 1809). See Townsend et al.Martin C. Townsend, Jon Clifton and Brian Goodey (2010). British and Irish Moths: An Illustrated Guide to Selected Difficult Species. (covering the use of genitalia characters and other features) Butterfly Conservation. Figs 2, 2a larva after last moult Adults are on wing from July to August. The larvae feed on the roots and stem bases of various grasses, including meadowgrasses, fescues, slimstem reedgrass, and wavy hairgrass.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Apamea furva has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens42
BINs1
Marker genes1
eDNA detections44
Countries15
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P658 bp consensus41 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 99% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 6 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)0.43%
Haplotypes15
BIN1
Most divergent pair1.1%
Europe
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type19 619 records
Wild obs. + sensor14 894
Museum / vouchered4 348
Other377
Origin
Native1 282
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO16 876 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy47% within 1 km
≤100 m 3 938≤1 km 2 837≤10 km 7 597>10 km 123
14 495 georeferenced · 399 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor14 894
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy44% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 013≤1 km 762≤10 km 2 216>10 km 68
4 059 georeferenced · 289 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence4 348
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions19 of 57 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Helsinki, FI
1 182
NTNU-VMlocation not on record
737
Zürich, CH
229
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record
205
DanishLepidopterologicalSocietylocation not on record
188
NHMOlocation not on record
139
Bern, CH
134
Geneva, CH
91
Tartu, EE
71
Naturéum — Muséum cantonal des sciences naturelles, Lausanne, Département Zoologielocation not on record
68
ZMAAlocation not on record
62
Salzburg, AT
52
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
47
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record
43
Sion, CH
36
UMUlocation not on record
35
Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record
33
Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomiulocation not on record
31
Dhaka, BD
31
Frauenfeld, CH
30
Stockholm, SE
22
MZLUlocation not on record
22
Musee d'Histoire Naturallelocation not on record
17
Fribourg, CH
17
Philadelphia, US
16
Kuopio, FI
16
Glarus, CH
16
Universität Zürich, Naturhistorisches Museumlocation not on record
15
Tromsø, NO
14
Nijmegen, NL
14
Paro, BT
14
Naturmuseum St. Gallenlocation not on record
13
Archäologie und Museum Baselland - Museum.BLlocation not on record
11
Durban Natural Science Museumlocation not on record
9
Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record
8
Naturmuseum Oltenlocation not on record
8
Winterthur, CH
8
Tallinn, EE
6
Metsähallituslocation not on record
6
DABUHlocation not on record
6
NMOKlocation not on record
5
SFRAlocation not on record
4
KSSlocation not on record
4
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
4
ZSMlocation not on record
3
neflocation not on record
3
ЗМКУlocation not on record
2
Museum zu Allerheiligen Schaffhausenlocation not on record
2
RMZlocation not on record
2
Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeumlocation not on record
2
Naturama Aargaulocation not on record
2
Musée de Saint-Imierlocation not on record
2
ННПМ НАНУlocation not on record
1
BioFokuslocation not on record
1
Landesmuseum Kärntenlocation not on record
1
John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
1
Research Collection of G. Orhantlocation not on record
1
57 institutions · 3 742 of 4 348 vouchered records shown · 606 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA44 detections
Where the DNA of Apamea furva was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found44
Studies independent surveys2
Countries15
Verifiable raw sequence linked1
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 44 detections have coordinates
Open the map15 countries0
0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.2 °C 6.20–18.3
Seasonal swing summer↔winter19.8 °C
Max temp (day)17.4 °C 10.6–22.7
Min temp (night)9.00 °C 1.00–14.0
Precipitation89.9 mm/mo 55.9–193
Air humidity60.1 % 55.9–64.3
Moisture balance-20.8 mm/mo -77.1–123
Vapour deficit636 Pa 363–891
Wind speed3.20 m/s 1.80–5.70
Cloud cover37.6 % 26.1–47.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 39 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.