Euspira catena, previously known as Natica catena, common name the large necklace shell, is a medium-sized species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Lunatia catena (da Costa, 1778). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=150590 on 2012-08-15
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Euspira catena has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens16
BINs1
Marker genes2
eDNA detections15
Countries4
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P658 bp consensus11 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 92% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Diversity (π)1.6%
Haplotypes2
BIN1
Most divergent pair7.3%
Where individuals differ — all 54 variable positions, in barcode order
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P18S-5P
animal barcoderibosomal
07Deep time20.4–0.01 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range20.4–0.01 Ma Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene
Dated fossil finds21
StatusStill living record runs to the present
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Euspira catena. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
fossil range (PBDB)each dot = one dated find
How it livedPBDB
Life habitsemi-infaunal
Dietcarnivore
Motilityactively mobile
Visionlimited
Compositionaragonite
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type17 403 records
Wild obs. + sensor13 430
Museum / vouchered2 618
Fossil46
Other1 309
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO11 160 km²
Depth
0–200 m sunlit3 474
200–1000 m twilight41
1–4 km midnight0
>4 km abyssal0
median 0 m · max 514 m · 3 515 records with depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy30% within 1 km
≤100 m 2 322≤1 km 1 321≤10 km 8 621>10 km 31
12 295 georeferenced · 1 135 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor13 430
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy43% within 1 km
≤100 m 41≤1 km 61≤10 km 52>10 km 81
235 georeferenced · 2 383 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 618
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions13 of 41 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Frankfurt am Main
754
WMR_IMARESlocation not on record
387
RWSlocation not on record
203
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
84
CEFASlocation not on record
56
Institut Francais pour l'Etude de la Merlocation not on record
33
Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO)location not on record
31
Brussels, BE
24
RBINS-Scientific Heritagelocation not on record
23
Cambridge, US
21
DASSHlocation not on record
21
PNHSlocation not on record
13
Station Biologique de Roscoff (EDMO:521)location not on record
13
AUTHlocation not on record
11
486location not on record
8
730location not on record
7
Champaign, US
6
Philadelphia, US
5
MHN-UPlocation not on record
4
South Kensington, GB
3
Gothenburg, SE
2
Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record
2
Toronto, CA
2
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
2
Washington, US
2
Hellenic Centre of Marine Research; Institute for Oceanographylocation not on record
2
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
2
NTNU-VMlocation not on record
2
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
2
Paris, FR
2
Natural History Museum, Londonlocation not on record
1
Marine Biological Association of the UKlocation not on record
1
FEMlocation not on record
1
Laboratoire d'Océanographie Biologique, Universite de Bordeaxlocation not on record
1
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Marine Biodiversitaetsforschunglocation not on record
1
Salzburg, AT
1
Denver, US
1
Paleontological Research Institutionlocation not on record
1
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
1
Helsinki, FI
1
Delaware Museum of Nature and Sciencelocation not on record
1
41 institutions · 1 738 of 2 618 vouchered records shown · 12 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA15 detections
Where the DNA of Euspira catena was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found15
Studies independent surveys2
Countries4
Verifiable raw sequence linked1
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 15 detections have coordinates
Open the map4 countries0
Broken shell and muddy sand
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median15.1 °C 11.5–16.1
Seasonal swing summer↔winter11.4 °C
Max temp (day)15.7 °C 12.4–18.1
Min temp (night)14.2 °C 10.4–14.7
Precipitation56.2 mm/mo 46.6–86.5
Air humidity64.8 % 62.1–67.3
Vapour deficit566 Pa 502–681
Cloud cover43.6 % 42.5–48.2
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 8 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility12 811 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System4 571 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI15 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics16 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗