Michalik & Ramirez 2014Pekár 2014aSimonneau et al. 2016Macías-Hernández et al. 2020Entling et al. 2007Buchar & Růžička 2002Gajdoš et al. 2014Staręga et al. 2001Liste France 2018Henriksen & Hilmo 2015Hyvärinen et al. 2019SLU 2020Bruun & Lissner 2019Harvey et al. 2017Kielhorn 2017Blick et al. 2016Blick & Scheidler 2004Finch 2004Martin 2012Buchholz et al. 2011Hiebsch & Tolke 1996Sacher & Platen 2004Lemke et al. 2013Řezáč et al. 2015Maelfait et al. 1998Pekár 1999bNentwig et al. 2018Cardoso et al. 2011Pekár et al. 2012a
Morphometry6
Body length♀5.43·♂4.11 mm
Cephalothorax height♀0.429·♂0.5 mm
Cephalothorax length♀2·♂2.07 mm
Cephalothorax width♀1.79·♂1.93 mm
Fang length♀0.432·♂0.273 mm
Tibia I length♀1.64·♂1.79 mm
Predation2
Hunting guildorb web weavers
Prey diversity2.47 mm
Ecology9
Ballooningyes
Circadian activity0.68 mm
Light0.5 mm
Light 2partly shaded
Moisture 10.625 mm
Moisture 2dry
Regional IUCN Red List categoryLeast Concern (LC)
Regional non-IUCN Red List categoryLeast Concern (*)
Stratum0.69 mm
Life History1
Mortality0.33 mm
Anatomy1
Sperm transfer formcleistospermia
Defence1
Primary defenceCrypsis
05DNA & barcoding110 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Araniella cucurbitina has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens110
BINs1
Marker genes1
eDNA detections293
Countries16
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P655 bp consensus101 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 97% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 20 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)1.3%
Haplotypes17
BIN1
Most divergent pair9.9%
EuropeAsia
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type8 582 records
Wild obs. + sensor6 631
Museum / vouchered1 888
Cultivated / captive4
Other59
Origin
Native407
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO20 712 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy60% within 1 km
≤100 m 2 242≤1 km 1 058≤10 km 2 172>10 km 69
5 541 georeferenced · 1 090 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor6 631
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy26% within 1 km
≤100 m 189≤1 km 161≤10 km 967>10 km 23
1 340 georeferenced · 548 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 888
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 4 records without
Open the mapnot free-living4
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions17 of 47 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Brussels, BE
197
Helsinki, FI
140
Frankfurt am Main
95
Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record
76
RMZlocation not on record
57
Bonn, DE
55
Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collectionlocation not on record
51
Copenhagen, DK
41
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
37
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
36
23
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record
23
Bern, CH
18
Ekaterinburg, RU
16
Paro, BT
13
Akademia Pomorska w Słupskulocation not on record
10
Tartu, EE
10
FETSlocation not on record
10
NTNU-VMlocation not on record
9
Uniwersytet w Białymstokulocation not on record
8
Natural History Museum, Bernlocation not on record
8
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
5
SNSDlocation not on record
5
Natural History Museum, Londonlocation not on record
5
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record
4
Washington, US
3
neflocation not on record
3
SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung Münchenlocation not on record
3
MZLUlocation not on record
3
Senckenberg Museum fuer Naturkunde Goerlitzlocation not on record
3
South Kensington, GB
3
Philadelphia, US
3
Tromso University Museumlocation not on record
2
ZSMlocation not on record
2
Chicago, US
2
University of Tokyo, Department of Zoologylocation not on record
2
Musee d'Histoire Naturallelocation not on record
2
Geneva, CH
2
European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record
2
Metsähallituslocation not on record
2
NHMOlocation not on record
1
Buenos Aires, AR
1
SGAV-and-NHMDlocation not on record
1
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoologylocation not on record
1
University of Lodz, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiologylocation not on record
1
Barcelona, ES
1
Royal Museum for Central Africalocation not on record
1
47 institutions · 996 of 1 888 vouchered records shown · 887 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA293 detections
Where the DNA of Araniella cucurbitina was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found293
Studies independent surveys4
Countries16
Verifiable raw sequence linked184
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 293 detections have coordinates
Open the map16 countries0
Regenmoor-ReliktflächeOlive orchardHalbtrockenrasenGartenOak woodUrban pine forest
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median13.4 °C 1.00–17.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter18.4 °C
Max temp (day)17.1 °C 4.30–20.2
Min temp (night)9.20 °C -1.90–13.3
Precipitation65.6 mm/mo 41.3–98.4
Air humidity60.5 % 56.7–64.5
Moisture balance-24.7 mm/mo -60.9–34.8
Vapour deficit610 Pa 234–776
Wind speed3.00 m/s 2.30–4.60
Cloud cover46.7 % 38.3–55.3
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 289 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation9 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility8 582 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI293 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics110 specimens↗
World Spider Trait DBMasaryk University20 traits · 29 refs↗
World Spider CatalogNaturhist. Museum Bernworld catalog↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗