A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Anthophora quadrimaculata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens23
BINs4
Marker genes1
eDNA detections15
Countries10
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P657 bp consensus9 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 86% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 93 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)5.4%
Haplotypes5
BINs4
Most divergent pair11.4%
AsiaEurope
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
06Genome at a glanceGoaT · NCBI
The complete instruction manualAnthophora quadrimaculata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size≈357 937 162 bp assembly estimate
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Anthophora quadrimaculata0.36 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Assembly levelContig
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type6 628 records
Wild obs. + sensor4 141
Museum / vouchered2 459
Other28
Origin
Native692
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO8 100 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy61% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 825≤1 km 540≤10 km 1 500>10 km 34
3 899 georeferenced · 242 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor4 141
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy15% within 1 km
≤100 m 142≤1 km 207≤10 km 1 953>10 km 53
2 355 georeferenced · 104 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 459
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions21 of 54 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Helsinki, FI
250
ULglocation not on record
219
Bern, CH
213
Zürich, CH
200
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
173
Musee d'Histoire Naturallelocation not on record
112
Paro, BT
111
Naturéum — Muséum cantonal des sciences naturelles, Lausanne, Département Zoologielocation not on record
85
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record
79
Mons, BE
78
Natuurpuntlocation not on record
75
NMOKlocation not on record
50
Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record
29
Wuzhou, CN
29
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
25
Philadelphia, US
23
Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record
22
Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collectionlocation not on record
20
PRAZlocation not on record
16
Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomiulocation not on record
15
Museum zu Allerheiligen Schaffhausenlocation not on record
13
Dhaka, BD
12
Trondheim, NO
11
PRUNlocation not on record
10
Geneva, CH
10
Winterthur, CH
8
Bonn, DE
8
Beltsville, US
8
ZSMlocation not on record
7
Cambridge, US
7
MZLUlocation not on record
7
Sion, CH
4
Universität Zürich, Naturhistorisches Museumlocation not on record
4
Gothenburg, SE
4
Ghent, BE
3
Bavarian State Collection of Zoologylocation not on record
3
NHMOlocation not on record
3
NCMGlocation not on record
2
Fribourg, CH
2
Private Collection of Sabine Schoderlocation not on record
2
BioFokuslocation not on record
2
IENElocation not on record
2
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record
2
2
Tromsø, NO
2
MNHWlocation not on record
1
KZMlocation not on record
1
CBDClocation not on record
1
Tallinn, EE
1
IMEDEAlocation not on record
1
European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record
1
neflocation not on record
1
University of Central Floridalocation not on record
1
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
1
54 institutions · 1 971 of 2 459 vouchered records shown · 488 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA15 detections
Where the DNA of Anthophora quadrimaculata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found15
Studies independent surveys2
Countries8
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 15 detections have coordinates
Open the map8 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median16.1 °C 12.5–18.1
Seasonal swing summer↔winter18.2 °C
Max temp (day)20.2 °C 16.5–22.5
Min temp (night)11.6 °C 6.70–13.9
Precipitation75.2 mm/mo 51.8–105
Air humidity58.6 % 55.7–60.5
Moisture balance-51.3 mm/mo -70.8–-26.5
Vapour deficit759 Pa 577–876
Wind speed2.90 m/s 2.30–4.30
Cloud cover36.3 % 30.6–43.1
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 14 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation4 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility6 628 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI15 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics23 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗