Aetobatus narinari
(Euphrasen, 1790) · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Aetobatus narinari's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation17 languages↗
Animal Diversity WebUniv. of Michigan MZspecies account↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 129 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System2 181 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI104 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics120 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) is a cartilaginous fish of the eagle ray family, Myliobatidae. As traditionally recognized, it is found globally in tropical regions, including the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Recent authorities have restricted it to the Atlantic (including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico) with other populations recognized as the ocellated eagle ray (A. ocellatus) and Pacific white-spotted eagle ray (A. laticeps). Spotted eagle rays are most commonly seen alone, but occasionally swim in groups. They are ovoviviparous, the female retaining the eggs then releasing the young as miniature versions of the parent. This ray can be identified by its dark dorsal surface covered in white spots or rings. Near the base of the ray's relatively long tail, just behind the pelvic fins, are several venomous, barbed stingers. Spotted eagle rays commonly feed on small fish and crustaceans, and will sometimes dig with their snouts to look for food buried in the sand of the sea bed. These rays are commonly observed leaping out of the water, and on at least two occasions have been reported as having jumped into boats, in one incident resulting in the death of a woman in the Florida Keys. The spotted eagle ray is hunted by a wide variety of sharks. The rays are considered near threatened on the IUCN Red List. They are fished mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa, the most common market being in commercial trade and aquariums. They are protected in the Great Barrier Reef.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology2
Habitat & environment3
Uses & economy1
Other traits3
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Aetobatus narinari has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Aetobatus narinari carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Aetobatus narinari. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
Extinct — but the bar still reaches today. PBDB flags this lineage as extinct, yet its fossil range ends at 0.01 Ma — the present day. Both cannot be literally true. This is what it looks like when the youngest fossils fall inside the most recent slice of the time scale: the endpoint rounds to “today” rather than to the actual disappearance, which may be far too recent for an axis measured in millions of years to resolve. Read the young end of the bar (and the †) as the limit of the dated record, not as the date it died out.
How it livedPBDB
Record type6 329 records
Origin
Range
Depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions13 of 42 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Curtin Universitylocation not on record | 18 |
| Washington, US | 18 |
| Cambridge, US | 15 |
| Chicago, US | 11 |
| Paris, FR | 11 |
| University of Texas Biodiversity Collections (UTBC)location not on record | 11 |
| CASlocation not on record | 10 |
| Los Angeles, US | 10 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 8 |
| Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collectionlocation not on record | 7 |
| University of California San Diegolocation not on record | 6 |
| Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacionallocation not on record | 5 |
| Kagoshima University Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Texas Memorial Museum, Texas Natural History Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera, Bahía de Banderas, Instituto Nacional de Pescalocation not on record | 4 |
| FishBaselocation not on record | 4 |
| Toronto, CA | 3 |
| Barcelona, ES | 3 |
| South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 3 |
| Universidade Estadual Paulista, Lab de Biologia e Genetica de Peixeslocation not on record | 3 |
| North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Vancouver, CA | 2 |
| Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciêncialocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Nebraskalocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Southeastern Louisiana University, Vertebrate Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxicolocation not on record | 1 |
| Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisherieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Geneva, CH | 1 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| 1 | |
| Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulolocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 1 |
| CSIRO, Australian National Fish Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Instituto Politécnico Nacionallocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Tapachula, MX | 1 |
| University of California Los Angeleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Oregon State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Aetobatus narinari was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.