Xanthoparmelia conspersa, commonly known as the peppered rock-shield, is a foliose lichen and the type species of genus Xanthoparmelia. It is widely distributed in temperate zones, and has been recorded from Japan, Europe, Africa, North America, and South America.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Xanthoparmelia conspersa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Xanthoparmelia conspersa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens11
Marker genes2
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections13
Countries5
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★ITS10★ITS1
fungal barcode
07Deep time~1.85 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin1.85 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type17 371 records
Wild obs. + sensor13 613
Museum / vouchered3 679
Other79
Origin
Native29
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO41 372 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy70% within 1 km
≤100 m 5 925≤1 km 2 916≤10 km 3 669>10 km 76
12 586 georeferenced · 1 027 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor13 613
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy47% within 1 km
≤100 m 260≤1 km 470≤10 km 734>10 km 105
1 569 georeferenced · 2 110 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence3 679
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions60 of 123 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Bronx, US
365
Olocation not on record
320
LDlocation not on record
174
Durham, US
169
Madison, US
160
Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung: Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseumlocation not on record
132
St. Paul, US
130
ASUlocation not on record
128
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
118
Chicago, US
100
Bergen, NO
89
University of Gdansklocation not on record
77
Philadelphia, US
68
Trondheim, NO
49
Stockholm, SE
45
Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record
45
PHlocation not on record
41
DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record
40
ILLSlocation not on record
39
Chapel Hill, US
38
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
36
Université Lavallocation not on record
36
UNITOlocation not on record
32
Berlin, DE
32
US
32
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
30
CJBGlocation not on record
30
TSBlocation not on record
28
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
28
Salzburg, AT
27
Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record
25
Wuzhou, CN
25
BDBClocation not on record
22
WTUlocation not on record
21
Minia, EG
21
MAlocation not on record
20
València, ES
19
FLASlocation not on record
19
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
18
Fort Hayslocation not on record
17
Uppsala, SE
17
TROMlocation not on record
17
AUAlocation not on record
16
Mlocation not on record
16
UoB-IBlocation not on record
15
Champaign, US
15
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record
14
CLUlocation not on record
14
Natural History and Science Museum of the University of PO-Lrto (MHNC-UP)location not on record
13
New Brunswick, US
13
Helsinki, FI
12
Göteborg, SE
11
Madrid, ES
11
Canberra, AU
10
Pretoria, ZA
9
Tallinn, EE
9
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
9
Forssa, FI
8
GZUlocation not on record
8
MeiseBGlocation not on record
8
Vitoria, ES
8
National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record
7
Oskarshamn, SE
7
Boise, US
7
Clocation not on record
7
South Kensington, GB
7
San Sebastián, ES
6
Oregon State Universitylocation not on record
6
Bozeman, US
6
Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institutelocation not on record
6
Vancouver, CA
6
Kew, GB
6
Barcelona, ES
6
Mexico City, MX
5
BioFokuslocation not on record
5
EL PASO, US
5
Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record
5
NYSlocation not on record
5
Dhaka, BD
4
Turku, FI
4
Cambridge, US
4
MNHWlocation not on record
4
Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record
4
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
4
Columbia, US
4
European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record
3
nbflocation not on record
3
Paris, FR
3
University of Oslo, Natural History Museumlocation not on record
3
Albuquerque, US
3
College Park, US
3
Ann Arbor, US
3
BRNUlocation not on record
3
Porvoo, FI
3
BClocation not on record
3
Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia Giancarlo Ligabue | Natural History Museum of Venice Giancarlo Ligabuelocation not on record
2
Tilburg, NL
2
Clemson, US
2
Institute of the Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.location not on record
2
Oulu, FI
2
Clarksville, US
2
Catholic University of Pekinglocation not on record
2
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record
2
University of Hamburglocation not on record
2
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Researchlocation not on record
2
Adelaide, AU
2
Edinburgh, GB
2
Acadia Universitylocation not on record
2
Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record
2
Frauenfeld, CH
2
Lincoln, US
2
UFMSlocation not on record
1
Knoxville, US
1
Chicago, US
1
M-Lichenslocation not on record
1
Logan, US
1
Hobart, AU
1
US
1
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record
1
SBPlocation not on record
1
Christchurch, NZ
1
Klostermuseum Disentislocation not on record
1
Staatsarchiv Urilocation not on record
1
123 institutions · 3 302 of 3 679 vouchered records shown · 376 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA13 detections
Where the DNA of Xanthoparmelia conspersa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found13
Studies independent surveys2
Countries3
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 13 detections have coordinates
Open the map3 countries0
On old wooden bench in the churchyardChurchyard stone wall
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Measured at samplingin-field
pH7.50 5.90–9.10
Conductivity44.5 µS/cm 12.0–77.0
Organic carbon0.545 % 0.47–0.62
Water content12.3 %
Nitrate-N8.00 mg/kg
Phosphorus8.00 mg/kg 7.00–9.00
Clay9.99 % 8.97–11.0
Sand73.4 % 61.8–85.0
Depth0.1 m 0–0.2
SoilKurosolCalcarosol
2 samples with on-site data · median with range · describes the sample, not the organism
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median13.0 °C 6.20–15.8
Seasonal swing summer↔winter16.6 °C
Max temp (day)17.1 °C 9.80–19.8
Min temp (night)7.90 °C 2.40–11.2
Precipitation79.0 mm/mo 26.3–183
Air humidity61.3 % 52.4–65.3
Moisture balance13.6 mm/mo -64.3–111
Vapour deficit603 Pa 358–848
Wind speed3.40 m/s 2.20–5.20
Cloud cover41.3 % 15.5–45.9
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 6 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility17 371 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI13 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics11 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗