Viola hirta
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records190 312
Data sources9
Biological traits47
DNA specimens32
eDNA detections174
Sources9 archives
Databases and archives Viola hirta's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility190 312 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI174 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics32 specimens↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗On this page6 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements4 literature sources47 traits
Occurrence & distributionGBIF190 312 records
Environmental DNA2 datasets · 11 countries174 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD32 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT890 Mbp
01Narrative
La violette hérissée, appelée aussi violette velue, violette folle ou parfois violette sans odeur, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs du genre Viola et de la famille des Violacées.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology16
Leaf length37.5 mm
Leaf length max60 mm
Leaf length min15 mm
Leaf mass170 mg
Leaf size3 162 mm²
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 3 162 mm² · LEDA: 3 436 mm² · GIFT: 3 436 mm²
Leaf width15 mm
Leaf width max20 mm
Leaf width min10 mm
Plant height0.087 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.087 m · LEDA: 0.075 m · TRY: 0.075 m
Plant height generative0.055 m
Plant height max0.3 m
Plant height min0.05 m
Seed length4 mm
Seed mass3.13 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 3.13 mg · LEDA: 2.91 mg · GIFT: 3.26 mg
Seed mass max4.3 mg
Seed mass min1.73 mg
Life cycle & reproduction13
Deciduousnessevergreen
⚠ sources differ — TRY: evergreen · GIFT: deciduous
Dehiscencedehiscent
Dispersal typeself
Flowering endMay
Flowering startApr
Life formperennial
Life spanperennial
Lifespan years6 years
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formhemicryptophyte
Reproduction asexualabsent
Self fertilizationpresent
Diet & foraging2
Carnivorynon-carnivorous
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment9
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit typecapsule
Growth formherb
Habitat GIFTforest, meadows, mountains, old fields, shrubberies, steppe
Mycorrhiza typearbuscular
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry6
Leaf c441 mg/g
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)219 mg/g
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 219 mg/g · LEDA: 236 mg/g
Leaf n19.1 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Seed longevity index0
Specific leaf area (SLA)20.94 mm²/mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 20.94 mm²/mg · LEDA: 18.5 mm²/mg · GIFT: 18.23 mm²/mg
Other traits1
Diaspore typegenerative dispersule
05DNA & barcoding32 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Viola hirta has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens32
Marker genes6
eDNA detections174
Countries11
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS★ITS1★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manual Viola hirta carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size889 980 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Viola hirta0.89 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 20 n = 10
Ploidy2× / 4× cytotypes
Chromosome records10–402n range20median20mode56records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 2030×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · slov-fl +11
GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database — ↗
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J. et al., 1976: Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora (Part 5). - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 25: 1-18.
CCDB · slov-fl — Mičieta K., 2007: [New records in Acinos, Aremonia, Epipactis, Juncus, Ranunculus, Sparganium, Veronica, and Viola], pp. 63, 108, 240, 334, 336, 337, 340, 494, 559, 603, 621. - In: Marhold K., Mártonfi P., Mereďa P. jun., Mráz P. (eds), Chromosome number survey of the ferns and flowering plants of Slovakia. Veda, Bratislava.
CCDB · slov-fl — Mereďa P. jun., Hodálová I., Mártonfi P. & Kolarčik V., 2006: Reports (17-22), pp. 116-117. - In: Mráz P. (ed.), Chromosome number and DNA ploidy level reports from Central Europe - 2, Biologia (Bratislava) 61 /1.
CCDB · brit-fl — Fothergill, P.G. New Phytol. 43: 23-35 (1944)
CCDB · iber-fl — Estudio sobre el gnero Viola L. en la Pennsula Ibrica. Fernndez Casado, M. A.Fontqueria5: 23-32(1984).
CCDB · iber-fl — Nmeros cromosomticos de plantas occidentales, 668-680. Aldasoro, J. J.Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid50: 247-249(1992).
CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2168
CCDB · fl-europaea — SchOfer, 1954
CCDB · poland — Skali?ska M., Jankun A., Wcis?o H. et al. 1976. Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Eleventh contribution. Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot. 19, 107-148.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Buttler, K. P. 1983. Chromosomenzahlen von Gefässpflanzen aus Hessen (und dem angrenzenden Bayern). 1. Folge. Hess. Florist. Briefe. 32: 23–26ý.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Fernández Casado, M. A. 1984. Estudios sobre el género Viola L. en la Península Ibérica. I. Cariología. Fontqueria 5: 23–32.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Malakhova, L. A. 1990. Kariologocheskij analiz prirodnykh populjacij redkich i ischezajushchikh rastenij na juge Tomskoj Oblasti. Bjulleten' Glavnogo Botanic|5eskogo Sada 155: 60–66.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Aldasoro, J.J. 1992. Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 668--680. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50: 247–249.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Mĕsíček, J. 1992. In J. M|3esí|3ccek & V. Jav@0urková-Jarolímová, List of Chromosome Numbers of the Czech Vascular Plants. Academia, Praha.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Hommel, P. W. F. M. & J. H. Wieffering. 1979. In IOPB chromosome number reports LXIII. Taxon 28: 277–278.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Vachova 1976
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Merxmuller & Lippert 1977
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Skalinska et al. 1976
CCDB · eflora
CCDB · Cave1963 — Gadella & Klip. 1963; Gadella 1963c
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Aldasoro, J. J. (1992). Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 668-680. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50(2): 247-249.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Fernández Casado, M. A. (1984). Estudio sobre el género Viola L. en la Península Ibérica. Fontqueria 5: 23-32.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Hommel, P. W. F. M. & Wieffering, J. H. (1979). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports LXIII]. Taxon 28(1, 2/3): 277-278.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — M?sí?ek J. et Jarolímová-Jav?rková V. (1992). List of chromosome numbers of the Czech vascular plants. Academia, Praha. p. 1-144.
CCDB · iapt — IAPT/IOPB Chromosome Data 19
CCDB · iapt — IAPT/IOPB Chromosome Data 22
2n 1021×CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea +5
CCDB · ita-fl — RAIMONDO F.M., ROSSITTO M., OTTONELLO D. - 1983. Numeri cromosomici per la flora italiana:983-992.. Inform. Bot. Ital. , 15(2-3): 180-187.
CCDB · ita-fl — SCHMIDT A. - 1962. Eine neue grundzahl in der Gattung Viola.. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. , 75: 78-84.
CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome numbers in Iberian angiosperms. Bjorkqvist, I. & al.Bot. Not.122: 271-283(1969).
CCDB · iber-fl — Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum I in the SE of Spain. Luque, T. & Z. Daz Lifante.Bocconea1: 303-364(1991).
CCDB · iber-fl — Estudio sobre el gnero Viola L. en la Pennsula Ibrica. Fernndez Casado, M. A.Fontqueria5: 23-32(1984).
CCDB · iber-fl — Nmeros cromosomticos de plantas occidentales, 668-680. Aldasoro, J. J.Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid50: 247-249(1992).
CCDB · fl-europaea — Schmidt, 1962
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Fernández Casado, M. A. 1984. Estudios sobre el género Viola L. en la Península Ibérica. I. Cariología. Fontqueria 5: 23–32.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Erben, M. 1985. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen an sudosteuropaischen Viola-Arten der Section Melanium. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 21: 339–740.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Livaniou-Tiniakou, A. 1983. Cytotaxonomical contribution to the study of the Viola (Violaceae) in Greece. I. Bot. Chron. (Patras) 3: 22–29.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Franzen, R. & L. A. Gustavsson. 1983. Chromosome numbers in flowering plants from the high mountains of Sterea Ellas, Greece. Willdenowia 13: 101–106.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Galland, N. 1988. Recherche sur l'origine de la flore orophile du Maroc étude caryologique et cytogéographique. Trav. Inst. Sci. Univ. Mohammed V, Sér. Bot. 35: 1–168.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Luque, T. & Z. D. Lifante. 1991. Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum I in the SE of Spain. Bocconea 1: 303–364.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Aldasoro, J.J. 1992. Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 668--680. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50: 247–249.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — BJ.ORKQVIST, I . , R. VON BOTHMER, O. NILSSON: & B. NORDENSTAM. 1969. Chromosome numbers in Iberian Angiosperms. Bot. Notiser 122: 271-28;
CCDB · Cave1962 — Schmidt 1962
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Aldasoro, J. J. (1992). Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 668-680. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50(2): 247-249.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Björkqvist, I., von Bothmer, R., Nilsson, O. & Nordenstam, B. (1969). Chromosome numbers in Iberian angiosperms. Bot. Not. 122: 271-283.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Fernández Casado, M. A. (1984). Estudio sobre el género Viola L. en la Península Ibérica. Fontqueria 5: 23-32.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Luque, T. & Díaz Lifante, Z. (1991). Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum I in the SE of Spain. Bocconea 1: 303-364.
CCDB · iapt — IAPT/IOPB Chromosome Data 21
2n 262×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — LOVKA, M., F. SUSNIK, A. LOEVE, & D. LOEVE. 1971. In IOPB chromosome number reports XXXIV. Taxon 20: 785-797:-
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Lovka, M., Susnik, F., Löve, A. & Löve, D. (1971). Reports [In Löve, A. (ed.), IOPB chromosome numbers reports XXXIV]. Taxon 20(5/6): 788-791.
2n 402×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · kew
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database — ↗
CCDB · kew — Temsch EM, Temsch W, Ehrendorfer-Schratt L, Greilhuber J. 2010. Heavy metal pollution, selection, and genome size: The species of the Žerjav study revisited with flow cytometry. Journal of Botany 2010: Article ID 596542, 11 pages.
2n 181×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Stepanov, N. V. & E. N. Muratova. (1995). Chromosome numbers of some taxa of higher plants of Krasnoyarsk territory. Bot. Žurn. 80(6): 114-116.
n 51×CCDB · Cave1962
CCDB · Cave1962 — Schmidt 1962
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=0.992 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type190 312 records
Wild obs. + sensor181 278
Museum / vouchered6 435
Cultivated / captive48
Other2 551
Origin
Native8 849
Introduced9
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO194 924 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy30% within 1 km
≤100 m 22 795≤1 km 18 224≤10 km 92 701>10 km 1 723
135 443 georeferenced · 45 835 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor181 278
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy53% within 1 km
≤100 m 708≤1 km 1 159≤10 km 1 546>10 km 111
3 524 georeferenced · 2 911 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence6 435
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 2>10 km 11
13 georeferenced · 35 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living48
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions60 of 141 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 1 016 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 550 |
| LDlocation not on record | 431 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 403 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 363 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 274 |
| Salzburg, AT | 217 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 205 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 193 |
| Olocation not on record | 162 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 154 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 127 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 124 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 122 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 100 |
| Mlocation not on record | 94 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 63 |
| Bern, CH | 62 |
| Zürich, CH | 61 |
| Görlitz, DE | 61 |
| Uppsala, SE | 60 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 44 |
| Tartu, EE | 42 |
| South Kensington, GB | 42 |
| Zürich, CH | 40 |
| Voronezh State Universitylocation not on record | 38 |
| BClocation not on record | 35 |
| Wlocation not on record | 35 |
| València, ES | 34 |
| Vitoria, ES | 34 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 30 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 29 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 24 |
| Bergen, NO | 23 |
| Helsinki, FI | 21 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 20 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 20 |
| Barcelona, ES | 20 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 19 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 19 |
| MAlocation not on record | 18 |
| Universität Erlangen-Nürnberglocation not on record | 18 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 17 |
| PRClocation not on record | 17 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 16 |
| Trondheim, NO | 16 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 16 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 16 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 15 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 15 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 14 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 14 |
| Berlin, DE | 14 |
| Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record | 12 |
| Brussel, BE | 12 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 12 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 12 |
| Pamplona, ES | 12 |
| Glarus, CH | 12 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 11 |
| H-Adlerlocation not on record | 11 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 10 |
| Philadelphia, US | 10 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 10 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 9 |
| Yangling, CN | 9 |
| Fulda, DE | 8 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 8 |
| Dresden, DE | 8 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 7 |
| Podgorica, ME | 7 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| Wellington, NZ | 7 |
| Stockholm, SE | 7 |
| Turku, FI | 6 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 6 |
| Bourges, FR | 6 |
| Namur, BE | 5 |
| Yugra State University Biological Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 4 |
| Salamanca, ES | 4 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 4 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 4 |
| Tallinn, EE | 4 |
| NoColllocation not on record | 4 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Sion, CH | 4 |
| Herb. BBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 3 |
| The State Museum-Preserve "The Kulikovo pole"location not on record | 3 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 3 |
| Beijing, CN | 3 |
| Lausanne, CH | 3 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 3 |
| Saint Louis, US | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 3 |
| Tilburg, NL | 3 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| Institute of the biological problems of the North FEB RASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Gijón, ES | 2 |
| H-Dunkellocation not on record | 2 |
| Samara National Research Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Xining, CN | 2 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 2 |
| Xiamen, CN | 2 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Monastir, TN | 2 |
| No collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Urumqi, CN | 2 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| UNINE:NEUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| JMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| Fribourg, CH | 1 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 1 |
| IPE-CSIClocation not on record | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 1 |
| Banyoles, ES | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| BioFokuslocation not on record | 1 |
| ZRC-SAZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Winterthur, CH | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xian, CN | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Jiangxi College of Educationlocation not on record | 1 |
| SNSNMClocation not on record | 1 |
141 institutions · 5 971 of 6 435 vouchered records shown · 453 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA174 detections
Where the DNA of Viola hirta was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found174
Studies independent surveys2
Countries11
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 174 detections have coordinates
Open the map11 countries0
on rough and sandy turf
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median10.8 °C 6.00–16.1
Seasonal swing summer↔winter22.7 °C
Max temp (day)14.2 °C 8.60–19.2
Min temp (night)6.90 °C 3.70–13.4
Precipitation79.7 mm/mo 56.6–170
Air humidity64.1 % 59.2–66.7
Moisture balance21.6 mm/mo -37.2–85.5
Vapour deficit466 Pa 316–731
Wind speed2.90 m/s 2.60–5.70
Cloud cover47.5 % 22.8–63.9
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 89 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.