Vespa crabro
Linnaeus · speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Vespa crabro's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation14 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility262 275 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI234 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics151 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
The European hornet (Vespa crabro) is the largest eusocial wasp native to Europe. It is also the only true hornet (genus Vespa) found in North America, having been introduced by European settlers in the 1800s. Vespines, such as V. crabro, are known for making intricate paper-like nests out of surrounding plant materials and other fibers. Unlike most other vespines, reproductive suppression involves worker policing instead of queen pheromone control, as was previously thought. This species stings in response to being stepped on or grabbed, but generally avoids conflict. It is also defensive of its nest and can be aggressive around food sources. Care should be taken when they are found in these circumstances, as they may sting without warning. European hornets are largely carnivorous and hunt large insects such as beetles, wasps, large moths, dragonflies, and mantises.モンスズメバチ(vespa crabro flavofasciata) gooEuropean Hornet Kills Dragonfly What's that bugs?European Hornet eats Swamp Darner What's that bugs?insecte : frelon mangeant une mante religieuse Education environnement, nature et patrimoine사마귀와 말벌의 사투(vespa crabro flavofasciata) cafe,daum They also feed on fallen fruit and other sources of sugary food. Mutual predation between medium-sized hornets and the Asilidae (robber flies) is often reported.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Diet & foraging2
Compounds documented for Vespa crabro across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile4 classes
Documented compounds7 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8,8-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-4H,8H-benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b')dipyran-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| [(3S)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyl] (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(3S)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyl] (3R)-3,7-dimethyloct-6-enoate | present | LOTUS | |
| Crabrolin | present | LOTUS | |
| Mastoparan C | present | LOTUS | |
| NNVYSMQXBRNCKE-FQEVSTJZSA-N | present | NPASS | |
| VQBWFYNSXWMURP-FQEVSTJZSA-N | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Vespa crabro has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Vespa crabro carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 503×GoaT · Animal Chromosome Counts Database · GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · TreeOfSex · invert
2n 251×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type262 275 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions46 of 90 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 593 |
| Ibaraki Universitylocation not on record | 527 |
| Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomiulocation not on record | 481 |
| Helsinki, FI | 256 |
| Philadelphia, US | 179 |
| Zürich, CH | 172 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 166 |
| NMOKlocation not on record | 151 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 134 |
| Musee d'Histoire Naturallelocation not on record | 110 |
| ZMAAlocation not on record | 104 |
| Paro, BT | 98 |
| Naturéum — Muséum cantonal des sciences naturelles, Lausanne, Département Zoologielocation not on record | 97 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 94 |
| Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 87 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 82 |
| Chiba, JP | 79 |
| Tartu, EE | 67 |
| Geneva, CH | 67 |
| Bonn, DE | 60 |
| Bern, CH | 59 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 41 |
| NHMOlocation not on record | 34 |
| Tallinn, EE | 27 |
| Gothenburg, SE | 25 |
| Oulu, FI | 21 |
| Radicondoli, IT | 18 |
| 17 | |
| Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciêncialocation not on record | 17 |
| BioFokuslocation not on record | 17 |
| UGRlocation not on record | 15 |
| Cleveland Museum of Natural History, OH (CLEV)location not on record | 15 |
| Tilburg, NL | 14 |
| Winterthur, CH | 14 |
| University Park, US | 13 |
| Naturmuseum Solothurnlocation not on record | 12 |
| Chicago, US | 11 |
| Stockholm, SE | 11 |
| Universität Zürich, Naturhistorisches Museumlocation not on record | 10 |
| Ghent, BE | 10 |
| neflocation not on record | 10 |
| Champaign, US | 9 |
| CBDClocation not on record | 9 |
| MZLUlocation not on record | 9 |
| NCMGlocation not on record | 9 |
| Trondheim, NO | 8 |
| Dhaka, BD | 8 |
| WIlocation not on record | 8 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 7 |
| US | 7 |
| Kawasaki Shi Tama Ku, JP | 7 |
| Toronto, CA | 5 |
| SOVTlocation not on record | 5 |
| Fribourg, CH | 4 |
| Paris, FR | 4 |
| ZSMlocation not on record | 4 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Kuopio, FI | 3 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Montgomery, US | 3 |
| Toyama, JP | 3 |
| Gyeryonsan Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Sanda, JP | 2 |
| Naturmuseum Oltenlocation not on record | 2 |
| SGAV-and-NHMDlocation not on record | 2 |
| European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT)location not on record | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| CNClocation not on record | 2 |
| New Haven, US | 2 |
| Ugentlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Sion, CH | 2 |
| UDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| Bavarian State Collection of Zoologylocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomicslocation not on record | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| Lake Placid, US | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record | 1 |
| Copenhagen, DK | 1 |
| SEMlocation not on record | 1 |
| CUlocation not on record | 1 |
| SBPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| Banyoles, ES | 1 |
| Cornell University Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| LULlocation not on record | 1 |
| Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chilelocation not on record | 1 |
| Itami Shi, JP | 1 |
Where the DNA of Vespa crabro was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.