Typhonium flagelliforme

(G.Lodd.) Blume · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Plantae/Tracheophyta/Liliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Typhonium

At a glance

Occurrence records413

Data sources12

Biological traits21

DNA specimens9

eDNA detections9

Sources12 archives

Databases and archives Typhonium flagelliforme's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility413 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI9 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements4 literature sources21 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS108 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF413 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries9 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD9 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT5.1 Gbp

01Narrative

Typhonium flagelliforme is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. Typhonium flagelliforme is native to Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, New Guinea, Queensland, and the Australian Northern Territory.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFlora of China Vol. 23 Page 35, 鞭檐犁头尖 bian yan li tou jian, Typhonium flagelliforme (Loddiges) Blume, Rumphia. 1: 134. 1837.Ara, H. (2001). An Annotated Checklist of Aroids of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 8(2): 19-34.Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.Mansor, M., Boyce, P.C., Othman, A.S. & Sulaiman, B. (2012). The Araceae of peninsular Malaysia: 1-146. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.Boyce, P.C., Sookchaloem, D., Hetterscheid, W.L.A., Gusman, G., Jacobsen, N., Idei, T. & Nguyen, V.D. (2012). Flora of Thailand 11(2): 101-325. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPAusTraitsGIFTTRY

Size & morphology4

Leaf length155 mm

Petiole length22.5 cm

Plant height max0.5 m

Plant height min0 m

Life cycle & reproduction6

Flowering timenynnnnnnnnnn

Life formtuberous geophyte

Life spanperennial

Raunkiær life formcryptophyte

Resprouting capacityresprouts

Sex typehermaphrodite

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment9

Aquaticterrestrial

Climateseasonally dry tropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit fleshinessfleshy

Fruit typeberry

Growth formherb

Leaf shapeelliptical

Woodinessnon-woody

Other traits1

Plant support typefree-standing

03Chemical composition108 compounds

Compounds documented for Typhonium flagelliforme across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Steroidal alkaloids17

Hydrocarbons9

Pregnane steroids $ Steroidal alkaloids8

Pregnane steroids8

Wax monoesters3

Documented compounds108 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(1R,2R,5S,6R,9R,12R,13R,16S)-N,6,7,13-tetramethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,3S,5S,6S,9S,12S,13R)-3-hydroxy-6,13-dimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R)-6,7,13-trimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R)-6-ethyl-13-methyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R)-N,6,13-trimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-16,18-dien-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R,16S)-7-hydroxy-N,N,6,13-tetramethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R,16S)-N,N,1,6,13-pentamethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1R,2S,5S,6S,9R,12S,13R,16S)-N,N,1,6,7,13-hexamethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1S,2R,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16R)-6,7,13-trimethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS
(1S,2R,5S,6R,9R,12S,13S,16R)-N,N,6,7,13-pentamethyl-7-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-amine	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcoding9 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Typhonium flagelliforme has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens9

Marker genes2

eDNA detections9

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★rbcL

plant barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT

The complete instruction manual Typhonium flagelliforme carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is

Genome size5 053 815 000 bp

Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).

BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb

FUNGUS0.04 Gb

INSECT0.25 Gb

HUMAN3.2 Gb

THIS GENOME Typhonium flagelliforme5.05 Gb

WHEAT17 Gb

FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 16 n = 8

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records14–502n range16median16mode18records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 1614×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · book-ipcn65 · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +5

GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database — ↗

CCDB · book-ipcn65 — Sharma & M. 1965

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Subramanian, D. & M. Munian. 1988. Cytotaxonomical studies in south Indian Araceae. Cytologia 53: 59–66.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Jos, J. S. & M. L. Magoon. 1971. Development of endosperm in the mating between two species of Typhonium. J. Cytol. Genet. 6: 1–6.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sarkar, A. K. 1991. Studies on the cyto-ecological correlations of some araceous taxa occuring in different habitat. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 78(3,VIII): 136–137.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Ramachandran, K. 1978. Cytological studies on South Indian Araceae. Cytologia 43: 289–303.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Sharma, A. K. 1970. Annual report, 1967-1968. Res. Bull. Univ. Calcutta Cytogenetics Lab. 2: 1–50.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Das. 2006. Variation in chromosome number, karyotype and nuclear DNA content of five species of Indian Typhonium Schott. (Araceae)---A medicinally important plant. Cytologia 71(4): 371–377.

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — JOS, J.S., K.N. VASUDEVAN, & M.L. MAGOON. 1968. Structural hybridity in Typhonium cuspidatum Bl. Genet. Iber. 20: 1-12.

CCDB · book-indian_vol2 — Sharma, A.K. & Mukhopadhyay, S. 1965 ; Jos, J.S. et a!: 1968 ; Bhatta-- charya, G.N. 1971

CCDB · araceae — Petersen, 1989

CCDB · araceae — Ramachandran, 1978

CCDB · book-fedorov — Sharma A. K, Mukhopadhyay 1965

CCDB · kew — Ghosh P, Mukherjee S, Sharma AK. 2001. Cytophotometric estimation of in situ DNA content in several species of Araceae. Cytobios 105: 177-183.

2n 142×CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · CCDB · book-indian_vol2

CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — AYYANGAR, K.R. 1973. Karyological affin>t>es of Typhon>um flagelliforme Bl. and Typhonium trilobatum Schott. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 60(III): 303.

CCDB · book-indian_vol2 — Ayyangar, K.R. 1973b

2n 502×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-indian_vol2

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — MITRA, K., & N. DATTA. 1967. In IOPB chromosome number reports XIII. Taxon 16: 445-461.

CCDB · book-indian_vol2 — Mitra, K. & Datta, N. 1967

n 83×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · araceae

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Ramachandran, K. 1978. Cytological studies on South Indian Araceae. Cytologia 43: 289–303.

CCDB · araceae — Petersen, 1989

CCDB · araceae — Ramachandran, 1978

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=0.689 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type413 records

Wild obs. + sensor296

Museum / vouchered117

Origin

Native32

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO496 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy98% within 1 km

≤100 m 244≤1 km 3≤10 km 3>10 km 1

251 georeferenced · 45 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor296

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy32% within 1 km

≤100 m 18≤1 km 6≤10 km 51>10 km 1

76 georeferenced · 41 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence117

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions12 of 13 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Palmerston, AU	48
Smithfield, AU	11
Brisbane, AU	9
Canberra, AU	9
Guilin, CN	7
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record	5
Kunming, CN	3
Kew, GB	3
Beijing, CN	2
Parkville, AU	2
Dresden, DE	1
Kensington, AU	1
Guangzhou, CN	1

13 institutions · 102 of 117 vouchered records shown · 14 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA9 detections

Where the DNA of Typhonium flagelliforme was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found9

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 9 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median25.9 °C 25.9–25.9

Seasonal swing summer↔winter0.5 °C

Max temp (day)29.8 °C

Min temp (night)22.3 °C

Precipitation343 mm/mo

Air humidity69.6 %

Moisture balance205 mm/mo

Vapour deficit1,012 Pa

Wind speed0.6 m/s

Cloud cover57.4 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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