Tylopilus felleus, commonly known as the bitter bolete or the bitter tylopilus, is a fungus of the bolete family. Its distribution includes east Asia, Europe and eastern North America, extending south into Mexico and Central America. A mycorrhizal species, it grows in deciduous and coniferous woodland, often fruiting under beech and oak. Its fruit bodies have convex to flat caps that are some shade of brown, buff or tan and typically measure up to 15 cm in diameter. The pore surface is initially white before turning pinkish with age. Like most boletes it lacks a ring and it may be distinguished from Boletus edulis and other similar species by its unusual pink pores and the prominent dark-brown net-like pattern on its stalk. French mycologist Pierre Bulliard described this species as Boletus felleus in 1788 before it was transferred into the new genus Tylopilus. It is the type species of Tylopilus and the only member of the genus found in Europe. Tylopilus felleus has been the subject of research into bioactive compounds that have been tested for antitumour and antibiotic properties. Although not poisonous it is generally considered inedible owing to its overwhelming bitterness.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Tylopilus felleus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Documented compounds2 total
Compound
Class
Amount
Source
5-Hydroxy-2-Nonylchromen-4-One
present
NPASS
FQQQPUQXIXHMRM-CQSZACIVSA-N
present
NPASS
05DNA & barcoding6 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Tylopilus felleus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens6
Marker genes1
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections2 404
Countries17
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★ITS10
fungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceGoaT · NCBI
The complete instruction manualTylopilus felleus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size72 240 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
THIS GENOME Tylopilus felleus0.07 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy71% within 1 km
≤100 m 6 052≤1 km 3 947≤10 km 3 828>10 km 323
14 150 georeferenced · 2 293 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor16 443
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy53% within 1 km
≤100 m 79≤1 km 187≤10 km 186>10 km 52
504 georeferenced · 628 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 132
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions45 of 84 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Bronx, US
225
Joensuu, FI
66
Chicago, US
50
Ann Arbor, US
48
Toronto, CA
38
Olocation not on record
36
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
32
Zapopan, MX
31
Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Researchlocation not on record
29
Kew, GB
25
Davis and Elkins Collegelocation not on record
24
Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centrelocation not on record
21
TENN-Flocation not on record
19
St. Paul, US
19
Kuopio, FI
18
Görlitz, DE
18
GJOlocation not on record
17
Helsinki, FI
17
Copenhagen, DK
16
FLASlocation not on record
14
San Sebastián, ES
14
Uppsala, SE
13
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record
12
Bardejov, SK
11
WU-MYClocation not on record
10
Durham, US
10
ILLSlocation not on record
9
MeiseBGlocation not on record
9
Trondheim, NO
9
Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record
8
Blacksburg, US
8
PHlocation not on record
7
Acadia Universitylocation not on record
7
Mlocation not on record
7
Göteborg, SE
7
Karlsruhe, DE
6
Vitoria, ES
6
Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record
6
Tomioka, JP
6
IB FRC Komi SC UB RASlocation not on record
5
Cincinnati, US
5
LDlocation not on record
5
TROMlocation not on record
5
Jyväskylä, FI
4
Zürich, CH
4
Philadelphia, US
3
BDBClocation not on record
3
Pullman, US
3
Catholic University of Pekinglocation not on record
3
WTUlocation not on record
3
Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record
3
Denver, US
3
Tilburg, NL
2
Slovenian Forestry Institutelocation not on record
2
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
2
Durango, MX
2
Osaka, JP
2
Vancouver, CA
2
Odawara, JP
2
National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record
2
Brisbane, AU
2
CA
1
Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung: Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseumlocation not on record
1
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
1
National Mushroom Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Bhutanlocation not on record
1
Warsaw, PL
1
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record
1
Gijón, ES
1
Oulu, FI
1
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record
1
Stockholm, SE
1
DPIlocation not on record
1
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
1
Colorado State Universitylocation not on record
1
Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP
1
DIEF VALONSADEROlocation not on record
1
Ciudad de México, MX
1
Salzburg, AT
1
MAlocation not on record
1
HabitatVisionlocation not on record
1
Turku, FI
1
Champaign, US
1
Mexico City, MX
1
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)location not on record
1
84 institutions · 1 018 of 1 132 vouchered records shown · 114 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA2 404 detections
Where the DNA of Tylopilus felleus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found2 404
Studies independent surveys5
Countries17
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 2 404 detections have coordinates
Open the map17 countries0
PalearcticNearctic
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median17.1 °C 1.80–17.6
Seasonal swing summer↔winter19.9 °C
Max temp (day)18.6 °C 3.40–21.8
Min temp (night)12.8 °C -0.2–15.4
Precipitation70.5 mm/mo 59.8–86.9
Air humidity61.0 % 59.3–70.3
Moisture balance-20.5 mm/mo -44.9–116
Vapour deficit764 Pa 207–808
Wind speed4.00 m/s 2.80–6.20
Cloud cover39.6 % 33.4–55.0
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 342 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.