Tsuga mertensiana
(Bong.) Carrière · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Tsuga mertensiana's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility8 000 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI14 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics15 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Tsuga mertensiana, known as mountain hemlock, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Tulare County, California. Mertensiana refers to Karl Heinrich Mertens (1796–1830), a German botanist who collected the first specimens as a member of a Russian expedition in 1826–1829.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology4
Life cycle & reproduction26
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment25
Physiology & chemistry24
Uses & economy16
Other traits7
Compounds documented for Tsuga mertensiana across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds30 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-5-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-5-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | present | NPASS | |
| (R)-naringenin | present | NPASS | |
| 1-O-(4-Hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-beta-D-fructofuranose | present | NPASS | |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,7-bis[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy]chromen-4-one | present | NPASS | |
| 3,3',4'5-Tetrahydroxystilbene | present | NPASS | |
| 3-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | present | NPASS | |
| 4-[(2R,3R)-3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol | present | NPASS | |
| 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid | present | NPASS | |
| [(2R,3S,4S,5S)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Tsuga mertensiana has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Tsuga mertensiana carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 242×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · eflora
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Tsuga mertensiana. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
Record type8 002 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions51 of 76 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Researchlocation not on record | 411 |
| Moscow, US | 103 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 62 |
| Angwin, US | 46 |
| Corvallis, US | 45 |
| Claremont, US | 34 |
| Pullman, US | 34 |
| Davis, US | 24 |
| Bronx, US | 21 |
| Arcata, US | 19 |
| Victoria, CA | 17 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 16 |
| Vancouver, CA | 15 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 13 |
| US | 12 |
| LDlocation not on record | 9 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 9 |
| Philadelphia, US | 7 |
| Cheney, US | 6 |
| Missoula, US | 6 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Fredericton Stock Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 5 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 5 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 4 |
| Boise, US | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Mount Rainier National Parklocation not on record | 4 |
| Truckee, US | 4 |
| Provo, US | 4 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 4 |
| San Diego, US | 4 |
| DOI/FWS, Kenai National Wildlife Refugelocation not on record | 3 |
| Tacoma, US | 3 |
| Tampa, US | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| Ashland, US | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Saint Louis, US | 3 |
| St. Paul, US | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Fort Worth, US | 3 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| Pacific Lutheran Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bozeman, US | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 2 |
| Logan, US | 2 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Henderson, US | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| Caldwell, US | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Turlock, US | 1 |
| Royal Alberta Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose, US | 1 |
| Bend, US | 1 |
| STNFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| HJAEFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bern, CH | 1 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 1 |
| Anchorage, US | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Tsuga mertensiana was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.