Tsuga heterophylla
(Raf.) Sarg. · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Tsuga heterophylla's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation15 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility34 540 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI16 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics26 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Sonoma County, California.Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books .Gymnosperm Database: Tsuga heterophylla The Latin species name means 'variable leaves'.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology6
Life cycle & reproduction31
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment25
Physiology & chemistry25
Uses & economy16
Other traits7
Compounds documented for Tsuga heterophylla across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds63 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-beta-Phellandrene | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-lariciresinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Pinoresinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Secoisolariciresinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-Valine | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-beta-Phellandrene | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Cedrusin | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Matairesinol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-phenylpropanoate | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-2-(phenylazaniumyl)propanoate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Tsuga heterophylla has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Tsuga heterophylla carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 245×CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn66 +2
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type34 540 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions73 of 109 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Moscow, US | 118 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 77 |
| Pullman, US | 73 |
| Corvallis, US | 70 |
| Vancouver, CA | 35 |
| Tempe, US | 34 |
| Kew, GB | 31 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 30 |
| Bronx, US | 27 |
| Olocation not on record | 21 |
| Tacoma, US | 20 |
| Victoria, CA | 19 |
| CASlocation not on record | 17 |
| Trondheim, NO | 16 |
| LDlocation not on record | 14 |
| Missoula, US | 14 |
| Claremont, US | 14 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 13 |
| Boise, US | 13 |
| Cheney, US | 12 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 12 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 11 |
| Arcata, US | 11 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 11 |
| Angwin, US | 10 |
| Davis, US | 8 |
| Philadelphia, US | 8 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 8 |
| Auckland, NZ | 6 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 6 |
| Riverside, US | 6 |
| Fort Worth, US | 6 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Portland, US | 6 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 5 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 5 |
| Tampa, US | 5 |
| St. Paul, US | 5 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Denver, US | 4 |
| Minia, EG | 4 |
| Logan, US | 4 |
| Provo, US | 4 |
| Pacific Lutheran Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Flagstaff, US | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 4 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| Bozeman, US | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 3 |
| Bothell, US | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 3 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 3 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 2 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Mount Rainier National Parklocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 2 |
| Anchorage, US | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| San Jose, US | 2 |
| Saint Louis, US | 2 |
| Royal Alberta Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| Canadian Museum of Nature, National Herbarium of Canadalocation not on record | 2 |
| Ashland, US | 2 |
| University of Winnipeglocation not on record | 2 |
| Columbia, US | 2 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Henderson, US | 1 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Bend, US | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, San Juan Island National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| nbflocation not on record | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Orem, US | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Johnson City, US | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| HJAEFlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| Pocatello, US | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| Vitoria, ES | 1 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| Bergen, NO | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| PHlocation not on record | 1 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| Fulda, DE | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Tsuga heterophylla was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.