Tsuga canadensis
(L.) Carrière · speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Tsuga canadensis's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility60 161 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI29 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics34 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Tsuga canadensis, also known as eastern hemlock, eastern hemlock-spruce, or Canadian hemlock, and in the French-speaking regions of Canada as pruche du Canada, is a coniferous tree native to eastern North America. It is the state tree of Pennsylvania. Eastern hemlocks are widespread throughout much of the Great Lakes region, the Appalachian Mountains, the Northeastern United States, and Maritime Canada. They have been introduced in the United Kingdom and mainland Europe, where they are used as ornamental trees. Eastern hemlock populations in North America are threatened in much of their range by the spread of the invasive Hemlock woolly adelgid, which infests and eventually kills trees. Declines in population from hemlock wooly adelgid infestation have led to Tsuga canadensis being listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. Eastern hemlocks are long lived trees, with many examples living for more than 500 years. They can grow to heights of more than 100 ft, and are tolerant of shade, moist soil, and slopes. Hemlock wood is used in construction, and for railroad ties. Historically its bark was an important source of tannin for the leather tanning industry. Eastern hemlocks are popular as ornamental trees, thanks to their tolerance of a wide variety of soil and light conditions, as well as their characteristic drooping branches.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology6
Life cycle & reproduction32
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment25
Physiology & chemistry24
Uses & economy15
Other traits8
Compounds documented for Tsuga canadensis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds25 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| TANNIN | 245,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PICEATANNOL | 10,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| EO | 4,600 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| MYRCENE | 120 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Tsuga canadensis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Tsuga canadensis carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 245×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · eflora +1
n 124×CCDB · Cave1963
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type60 161 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions109 of 175 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 359 |
| Philadelphia, US | 351 |
| Madison, US | 138 |
| Bronx, US | 135 |
| Toronto, CA | 97 |
| Allentown, US | 89 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 85 |
| Philadelphia, US | 66 |
| Green Bay, US | 58 |
| Millersville, US | 57 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 56 |
| Québec, CA | 56 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 51 |
| Bloomington, US | 49 |
| LDlocation not on record | 42 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 39 |
| Montréal, CA | 39 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 37 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 35 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 32 |
| Tempe, US | 31 |
| University of Silesia in Katowicelocation not on record | 30 |
| Saint John, CA | 29 |
| Burlington, US | 27 |
| College Park, US | 26 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 25 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 24 |
| Columbia, US | 24 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 21 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 20 |
| Bangkok, TH | 19 |
| Morgantown, US | 18 |
| Williamsburg, US | 16 |
| Denver, US | 13 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 12 |
| Fort Worth, US | 12 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 12 |
| Görlitz, DE | 11 |
| Clemson, US | 11 |
| Minia, EG | 11 |
| Dekalb, US | 10 |
| Flagstaff, US | 10 |
| Mount Pleasant, US | 10 |
| Durham, US | 10 |
| University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Researchlocation not on record | 9 |
| Saint Louis, US | 9 |
| Staten Island, US | 9 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 8 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 8 |
| Auckland, NZ | 8 |
| Knoxville, US | 7 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Richmond, US | 7 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 7 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 6 |
| Mlocation not on record | 6 |
| Mississippi State, US | 6 |
| Tampa, US | 6 |
| New Haven, US | 6 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 6 |
| St. Paul, US | 6 |
| Logan, US | 5 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 5 |
| Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Olocation not on record | 5 |
| Hudson, US | 5 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 5 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 5 |
| Jackson, US | 5 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Hamilton, US | 4 |
| Mexico City, MX | 4 |
| Chicago, US | 4 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| GAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Norfolk, US | 4 |
| Provo, US | 4 |
| Trois-Rivières, CA | 4 |
| US | 4 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 4 |
| Santiago de Compostela, ES | 4 |
| Whitewater, US | 4 |
| Pullman, US | 4 |
| Macomb, US | 4 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 4 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 4 |
| Dresden, DE | 3 |
| Cambridge, US | 3 |
| Lincoln, US | 3 |
| M-Lichenslocation not on record | 3 |
| Salzburg, AT | 3 |
| Kingston, US | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow, US | 3 |
| Johnson City, US | 3 |
| Asheville, US | 3 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 3 |
| Montréal, CA | 3 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 3 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 3 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 3 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 3 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 3 |
| Long Beach, US | 3 |
| New Brunswick, US | 2 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Angwin, US | 2 |
| GB | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 2 |
| Pittsburg, US | 2 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 2 |
| Black Rock Forest Consortiumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Appalachian State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Edmonton, CA | 2 |
| Fairfax, US | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 2 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Due West, US | 1 |
| Harrisonburg, US | 1 |
| Maringá, BR | 1 |
| Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| Chadron, US | 1 |
| Claremont, US | 1 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 1 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| IFR-DNFlocation not on record | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose, US | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Vitoria, ES | 1 |
| Fulda, DE | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 1 |
| Bothell, US | 1 |
| Fullerton, US | 1 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| McGill University, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)location not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Winterthur, CH | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| NBSIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Dunkellocation not on record | 1 |
| Universite de Montreal, L'Herbier Marie-Victorinlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Tsuga canadensis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.