Tropaeolum majus
speciesAt a glance
Sources17 archives
Databases and archives Tropaeolum majus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation16 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility42 574 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System10 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI18 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics36 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Tropaeolum majus, the garden nasturtium, nasturtium, Indian cress or monks cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, originating in the Andes from Bolivia north to Colombia. An easily-grown annual or short-lived perennial with disc-shaped leaves and brilliant orange or red flowers, it is of cultivated, probably hybrid origin.Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan . It is not closely related to the genus Nasturtium (which includes watercress).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology18
Life cycle & reproduction20
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment16
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits6
Compounds documented for Tropaeolum majus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds66 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| WATER | 863,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| CARBOHYDRATES | 671,500 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTEIN | 262,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ASH | 102,200 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| FAT | 102,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| ERUCIC-ACID | 72,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| FIBER | 36,500 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| 11-EICOSENOIC-ACID | 20,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Tropaeolum majus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Tropaeolum majus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2822×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +6
n 122×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
n 141×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type42 584 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions144 of 257 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| San Diego, US | 42 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 35 |
| Auckland, NZ | 35 |
| Durango, MX | 35 |
| Adelaide, AU | 34 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 31 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 30 |
| Saint Louis, US | 28 |
| Beijing, CN | 28 |
| Claremont, US | 27 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 26 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 24 |
| Olocation not on record | 23 |
| Riverside, US | 23 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 23 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 23 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 21 |
| Brisbane, AU | 20 |
| Bronx, US | 18 |
| MAlocation not on record | 17 |
| València, ES | 16 |
| Mexico City, MX | 16 |
| LDlocation not on record | 15 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 15 |
| Chengdu, CN | 14 |
| Kensington, AU | 14 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 14 |
| Hobart, AU | 12 |
| Barcelona, ES | 12 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 12 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 11 |
| Canberra, AU | 10 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 10 |
| Chicago, US | 9 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 9 |
| CASlocation not on record | 9 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 8 |
| US | 8 |
| Blumenau, BR | 8 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 8 |
| Toluca, MX | 8 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 8 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 7 |
| Chengdu, CN | 7 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 7 |
| Helsinki, FI | 7 |
| Turlock, US | 7 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 7 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 7 |
| Long Beach, US | 7 |
| UChlocation not on record | 7 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 7 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 7 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 6 |
| Vitoria, ES | 6 |
| Loja, EC | 6 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Irvine, US | 6 |
| Kew, GB | 5 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Durban, ZA | 5 |
| 云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record | 5 |
| Stockholm, SE | 5 |
| BClocation not on record | 5 |
| Porvoo, FI | 5 |
| Salzburg, AT | 5 |
| Arequipa, PE | 5 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 5 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 5 |
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 5 |
| Valparaíso, CL | 5 |
| Oulu, FI | 5 |
| Bergen, NO | 4 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 4 |
| Museo naturalistico del Frignano Ferruccio Minghellilocation not on record | 4 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 4 |
| Flagstaff, US | 4 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 4 |
| Arcata, US | 4 |
| Batemans Bay, AU | 4 |
| Trondheim, NO | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Corvallis, US | 4 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 4 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 4 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 4 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 4 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 4 |
| Los Angeles, US | 4 |
| Honolulu, US | 4 |
| Wellington, NZ | 3 |
| Alexandria Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 3 |
| Mlocation not on record | 3 |
| Pelotas, BR | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Armidale, AU | 3 |
| Logan, US | 3 |
| INMAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Baroda, IN | 3 |
| Granada, ES | 3 |
| Davis, US | 3 |
| Guilin, CN | 3 |
| Nanchong, CN | 3 |
| Yangling, CN | 3 |
| Seoul, KR | 3 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Guiyang, CN | 3 |
| Tampa, US | 3 |
| Corrientes, AR | 3 |
| Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record | 3 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 3 |
| Palmerston North, NZ | 3 |
| Bern, CH | 3 |
| Madrid, ES | 3 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 3 |
| National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinarian Research, Portugallocation not on record | 3 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 2 |
| Londrina, BR | 2 |
| Boise, US | 2 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Denver, US | 2 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 2 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 2 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 2 |
| Palmerston, AU | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Nanjing, CN | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 2 |
| Allentown, US | 2 |
| San Bernardino, US | 2 |
| Chapingo, MX | 2 |
| Göteborg, SE | 2 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 2 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 2 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 2 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 2 |
| Xiamen, CN | 2 |
| Wollongong, AU | 2 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Berlin, DE | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 2 |
| Criciúma, BR | 2 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Dekalb, US | 2 |
| IDElocation not on record | 2 |
| Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis (JBBJCM)location not on record | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| University of Nevada, Museum of Biologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 1 |
| Puebla, MX | 1 |
| Stellenbosch University, DST- NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro Cultural Santo Domingolocation not on record | 1 |
| Zacatecas, MX | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 1 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Berea Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| NGCPR01523location not on record | 1 |
| Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvadorlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tilburg, NL | 1 |
| Victoria, CA | 1 |
| HUN003location not on record | 1 |
| The University of Arizonalocation not on record | 1 |
| ROM007location not on record | 1 |
| Pullman, US | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| Badajoz, ES | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Jiangxi College of Educationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| AUT001location not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 1 |
| Pocatello, US | 1 |
| HAWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Provo, US | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 1 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 1 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| San José, CR | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
| Otaru, JP | 1 |
| Brasília, BR | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Córdoba, AR | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Denton, US | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Miami, US | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cascavel, BR | 1 |
| FUNEDlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 1 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 1 |
| Morelia, MX | 1 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Chiba, JP | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 1 |
| BGPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 1 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 1 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 1 |
| New Haven, US | 1 |
| UTFPR-SLlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSCarlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 1 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Tropaeolum majus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.