Triticum monococcum
speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Triticum monococcum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility965 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI30 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics16 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Triticum monococcum - MHNT Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat, Triticum boeoticum, or to the domesticated form, Triticum monococcum. The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies: Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum (wild) and T. monococcum subsp. monococcum (domesticated). Einkorn is a diploid species (2n = 14 chromosomes) of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger. The domestic form is known as "petit épeautre" in French, "Einkorn" in German, "einkorn" or "littlespelt" in English, "piccolo farro" in Italian and "escanda menor" in Spanish. The name refers to the fact that each spikelet contains only one grain. Einkorn wheat was one of the first plants to be domesticated and cultivated. The earliest clear evidence of the domestication of einkorn dates from 10,600 to 9,900 years before present (8650 BCE to 7950 BCE) from Çayönü and Cafer Höyük, two Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B archaeological sites in southern Turkey.Weiss, Ehud and Zohary, Daniel (October 2011), "The Neolithic Southwest Asian Founder Crops: Their Biology and Archaeobotany", Current Anthropology, Vol 52, No. S4, pp. S239-S240. Downloaded from JSTOR Remnants of einkorn were found with the iceman mummy Ötzi, dated to 3100 BCE.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology6
Life cycle & reproduction6
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry1
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Triticum monococcum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Triticum monococcum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1429×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea +10
n 72×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn66
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type965 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions24 of 49 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Paris, FR | 71 |
| ROM007location not on record | 38 |
| Riverside, US | 32 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 19 |
| ROM002location not on record | 16 |
| ESP004location not on record | 13 |
| Bern, CH | 11 |
| ROM023location not on record | 9 |
| South Kensington, GB | 9 |
| NLD037location not on record | 8 |
| ARM059location not on record | 8 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 8 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 5 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 5 |
| LDlocation not on record | 4 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Winterthur, CH | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| Alicante, ES | 2 |
| Görlitz, DE | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| AUT001location not on record | 2 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 2 |
| Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 2 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 2 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| BClocation not on record | 1 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Sichuan Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| Universität Göttingenlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Triticum monococcum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.