Trillium sessile is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. The specific epithet sessile means "attached without a distinct stalk", an apparent reference to its stalkless flower. It is commonly known as toadshade (not to be confused with Trillium recurvatum, which is also known by that name) or toad trillium. It is also called sessile trillium or sessile-flowered wake-robin,, however it is not the only member of the genus with a sessile flower. Trillium sessile is endemic to the eastern half of the United States. It has the widest range of any species of sessile-flowered Trillium. There are two subpopulations geographically separated by a large gap in central Illinois where the species is strangely absent. Trillium sessile was one of three Trillium species described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is a small perennial, herbaceous plant with three leaves, but unlike other sessile-flowered trilliums, the leaves are often not mottled. It has a single trimerous flower with three reddish-purple petals and six distinctive stamens that aid identification.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Trillium sessile has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens9
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections9
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK1★rbcL1★ITS8
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manualTrillium sessile carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size52 895 130 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
THIS GENOME Trillium sessile52.9 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Utech, F. H. 1980. Chromosome atlas of the vascular plants of western Pennsylvania. I. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49: 265–305.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Hill, L. M. 1995. IOPB chromosome data 9. Int. Organ. Pl. Biosyst. Newslett. (Zurich) 24: 19–20.
CCDB · eflora
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
2n 241×CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — TANAKA, R. 1974. Organizational system of meiotic division and the development of reproductive cells in higher plants. The Cell 6: 22-25
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy82% within 1 km
≤100 m 3 980≤1 km 1 123≤10 km 331>10 km 759
6 193 georeferenced · 1 401 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor7 594
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy47% within 1 km
≤100 m 33≤1 km 156≤10 km 173>10 km 36
398 georeferenced · 154 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence552
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 4
4 georeferenced · 4 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living8
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions42 of 58 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
119
Bloomington, US
92
Wuzhou, CN
60
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
42
Saint Louis, US
30
College Park, US
29
BAYLUlocation not on record
10
GB
9
Philadelphia, US
9
Bronx, US
9
Bangkok, TH
8
Columbia, US
8
Tampa, US
7
Richmond, US
7
James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record
7
Fayetteville, US
7
Chicago, US
7
Flagstaff, US
5
Pittsburg, US
5
Auckland, NZ
4
Kirksville, US
4
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
4
Burlington, US
4
Springfield, US
4
Morgantown, US
4
Millersville, US
4
Cheney, US
3
Allentown, US
3
Pullman, US
3
Denver, US
3
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
3
Northridge, US
2
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
2
Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record
2
Davenport, US
2
Chapel Hill, US
2
Chicago, US
1
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
1
Russellville, US
1
Washington, US
1
San Diego, US
1
Jefferson City, US
1
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record
1
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
1
Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record
1
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
1
Oskarshamn, SE
1
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
1
Dekalb, US
1
Dresden, DE
1
Arcata, US
1
Moscow, US
1
Long Beach, US
1
GAlocation not on record
1
University of Central Missourilocation not on record
1
Little Rock, US
1
Turlock, US
1
Fort Worth, US
1
58 institutions · 545 of 552 vouchered records shown · 7 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA9 detections
Where the DNA of Trillium sessile was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found9
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 9 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility8 154 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI9 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗