Trifolium subterraneum
speciesAt a glance
Sources18 archives
Databases and archives Trifolium subterraneum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation10 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility39 297 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI28 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics35 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Trifolium subterraneum - MHNT Trifolium subterraneum close-up Trifolium subterraneum, the subterranean clover (often shortened to sub clover), subterranean trefoil, is a species of clover native to Europe, Southwest Asia, Northwest Africa and Macaronesia. The plant's name comes from its underground seed development (geocarpy), a characteristic not possessed by other clovers. It can thrive in poor-quality soil where other clovers cannot survive, and is grown commercially for animal fodder. There are three distinct subspecies used in agriculture, each with its own ideal climate and soil type, allowing for wide distribution of the plant over varied environments. T. subterraneum subsp. subterraneum is the generalist subspecies, and it can be grown in the widest range of environments. T. subterraneum subsp. yanninicum is grown in moist areas that are prone to flooding. T. subterraneum subsp. brachycalycinum is a more sensitive plant, requiring dry, cracked soil for its germination. Some systematists consider the three plants to be separate species. There are many strains and varieties of these subspecies, but few are in wide use. The technique of mixing the subspecies in one field is popular as a method of ensuring a dense crop. Also, subterranean clover is sometimes mixed with alfalfa for a longer-lasting grazing pasture. This species is self-fertilizing, unlike most legume forage crops such as alfalfa and other clovers, which are pollinated by insects, especially honeybees. The flowers of subclover are often located beneath its leaves and are low in nectar, making access both difficult and unappealing for bees. These characteristics also make the plant less attractive to certain types of pest insects. Subterranean clover is one of the most commonly grown forage crops in Australia.Farmnote No 41/2005 Western Australian Department of Agriculture It provides high quality forage to livestock. It is also grown in places such as California and Texas, where the extreme ranges of soil type and quality, rainfall, and temperature make the variable tolerances of sub clover especially useful.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology23
Life cycle & reproduction39
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment32
Physiology & chemistry28
Uses & economy15
Other traits8
Compounds documented for Trifolium subterraneum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds132 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| GENISTEIN | 13,500 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Trifolium subterraneum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Trifolium subterraneum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1667×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl +15
2n 123×CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants · CCDB · CromoCat 2015 · GIFT · GIFT (floras)
2n 321×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 83×CCDB · book-ipcn65 · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type39 297 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions93 of 159 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Berlin, DE | 138 |
| LDlocation not on record | 137 |
| Adelaide, AU | 128 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 114 |
| Kensington, AU | 86 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 76 |
| Brussel, BE | 70 |
| Canberra, AU | 63 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 59 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 58 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 50 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 49 |
| MAlocation not on record | 47 |
| Hobart, AU | 39 |
| South Kensington, GB | 39 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 37 |
| Auckland, NZ | 34 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 33 |
| BClocation not on record | 30 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 29 |
| Badajoz, ES | 29 |
| Corvallis, US | 25 |
| Davis, US | 25 |
| València, ES | 24 |
| Vitoria, ES | 24 |
| Salamanca, ES | 21 |
| Kew, GB | 21 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 21 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 19 |
| Arcata, US | 17 |
| Barcelona, ES | 17 |
| Wlocation not on record | 17 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 17 |
| Wellington, NZ | 17 |
| Riverside, US | 14 |
| Brisbane, AU | 13 |
| Pullman, US | 13 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 12 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 12 |
| Córdoba, ES | 12 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 11 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 10 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 10 |
| Odawara, JP | 9 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 9 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 9 |
| Santiago de Compostela, ES | 8 |
| Victoria, CA | 8 |
| Philadelphia, US | 8 |
| Armidale, AU | 8 |
| Vancouver, CA | 7 |
| Bourges, FR | 7 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 7 |
| Bronx, US | 7 |
| NSW Office of Environment and Heritagelocation not on record | 7 |
| Helsinki, FI | 6 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 6 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 6 |
| Tilburg, NL | 6 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 6 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 6 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 5 |
| Paris, FR | 5 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 5 |
| San Diego, US | 5 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Alicante, ES | 4 |
| Claremont, US | 4 |
| Sevilla, ES | 4 |
| Mlocation not on record | 4 |
| Angwin, US | 4 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 4 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 4 |
| Bern, CH | 4 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| Portland, US | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Palmerston North, NZ | 3 |
| Parkville, AU | 3 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 3 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| Ashland, US | 2 |
| Madrid, ES | 2 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 2 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 2 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 2 |
| Forssa, FI | 2 |
| San Jose, US | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 2 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| Görlitz, DE | 2 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 2 |
| Coimbra, PT | 2 |
| IDElocation not on record | 2 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| Fort Worth, US | 2 |
| QVMAGlocation not on record | 2 |
| CASlocation not on record | 2 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gijón, ES | 1 |
| Arequipa, PE | 1 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| Olocation not on record | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| H-Adlerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, San Juan Island National Historical Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 1 |
| Civico Museo di Scienze naturali Giuseppe Orlandilocation not on record | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 1 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint Louis, US | 1 |
| Bothell, US | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of British Columbia, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Anchorage, US | 1 |
| Tacoma, US | 1 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Palmerston, AU | 1 |
| La Trobe Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Trifolium subterraneum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.