Symplocos paniculata
(Thunb.) Miq. · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Symplocos paniculata's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility5 545 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI18 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics38 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Symplocos paniculata, called Asiatic sweetleaf or sapphire-berry, is a species of tree in the family Symplocaceae. It is native to all of eastern Asia and was introduced to the United States in around 1871. It is a tree reaching 12 m in favorable conditions, though it is often more shrub-like, and is used as an ornamental due to its visually striking blue fruit from which it derives its common name. It escapes from cultivation and may already be an invasive species in the United States.Vincent, M.A., R.L. Gardner, and B.P. Riley. 2011. Additions to and interesting records for the Ohio vascular flora (with one new record for Indiana). Phytoneuron 2011-60: 1–23. Published 29 Nov 2011.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology11
Life cycle & reproduction4
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment10
Physiology & chemistry7
Compounds documented for Symplocos paniculata across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile2 classes
Documented compounds43 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Symplocososide C | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Symplocososide D | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Symplocososide E | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-10-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-10-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-acetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-10-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-10-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-acetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-10-[(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-9-[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-10-benzoyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-9-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-acetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Symplocos paniculata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Symplocos paniculata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 224×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +1
n 112×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Record type5 545 records
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions66 of 115 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Yangling, CN | 548 |
| Beijing, CN | 525 |
| Kunming, CN | 440 |
| Nanjing, CN | 407 |
| Chengdu, CN | 382 |
| Guilin, CN | 156 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 120 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 105 |
| Chengdu, CN | 100 |
| Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 72 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 70 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 58 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 56 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 54 |
| Seoul, KR | 53 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 51 |
| Changsha, CN | 49 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 44 |
| Taipei, TW | 42 |
| Taipei, TW | 41 |
| Sanda, JP | 32 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 32 |
| Shanghai, CN | 30 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 29 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 27 |
| Wuhan, CN | 26 |
| FJFClocation not on record | 26 |
| Central China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 26 |
| CASlocation not on record | 25 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 23 |
| Guiyang, CN | 22 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 20 |
| NSMKlocation not on record | 19 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 18 |
| Anhui Normal Universitylocation not on record | 18 |
| Xian, CN | 17 |
| Taipei, TW | 16 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 14 |
| Xian, CN | 13 |
| Southwest Forestry Collegelocation not on record | 12 |
| nlocation not on record | 12 |
| Philadelphia, US | 12 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 11 |
| “Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University" NPLClocation not on record | 10 |
| Xiamen, CN | 10 |
| Jiangxi Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 9 |
| Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record | 9 |
| Awka, NG | 8 |
| Shanghai, CN | 8 |
| South China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botanylocation not on record | 8 |
| Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 7 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 7 |
| KOMlocation not on record | 6 |
| Nanyue Arboretumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Chongqing, CN | 5 |
| Chiba, JP | 5 |
| Bronx, US | 5 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 5 |
| Dehra Dun, IN | 5 |
| Peking Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 4 |
| J. Rusek Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Beijing, CN | 4 |
| Berlin, DE | 3 |
| Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Washington, US | 3 |
| Odawara, JP | 3 |
| Dekalb, US | 3 |
| Kew, GB | 3 |
| Nanchong, CN | 3 |
| Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record | 3 |
| Guiyang, CN | 3 |
| Gifu prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Nagano City, JP | 3 |
| Guiyang, CN | 3 |
| Forestry and Forest Products Research Institutelocation not on record | 3 |
| Museo universitario di Chietilocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Nishihara, JP | 2 |
| Shenyang Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Minia, EG | 2 |
| Bangkok, TH | 2 |
| Vancouver, CA | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| College Park, US | 2 |
| Shanxi Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Jishou Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicinelocation not on record | 2 |
| Nanjing, CN | 2 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Kochi, JP | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| GNWPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 1 |
| SDFlocation not on record | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Xining, CN | 1 |
| Sendai, JP | 1 |
| Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiangtan City, CN | 1 |
| Toyama, JP | 1 |
| Kathmandu, NP | 1 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| Baroda, IN | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| SJNAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Symplocos paniculata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.