Swietenia macrophylla
G.King · speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Swietenia macrophylla's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 388 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI22 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics32 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Swietenia macrophylla, commonly known as mahogany, Honduran mahogany, Honduras mahogany, or big-leaf mahogany is a species of plant in the Meliaceae family. It is one of three species that yields genuine mahogany timber (Swietenia), the others being Swietenia mahagoni and Swietenia humilis. It is native to South America, Mexico and Central America, but naturalized in the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia and Hawaii, and cultivated in plantations and wind-breaks elsewhere.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology12
Life cycle & reproduction27
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment29
Physiology & chemistry27
Uses & economy13
Other traits7
Compounds documented for Swietenia macrophylla across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds80 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1R,2R,4S,7R,8S,11R,12S,17R)-7-(furan-3-yl)-1,8,12,16,16-pentamethyl-3,6-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.02,8.012,17]nonadec-13-ene-5,15,19-trione | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,3R,6S,8S,9R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-12,16-dimethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methyl-5-methylideneheptan-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane-6,9-diol | present | LOTUS | |
| 6-O-acetylswietenolide | present | LOTUS | |
| 7-Ketositosterol | present | LOTUS | |
| 7-Oxogedunin | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1R,2R,3R,5R,6S,7S,9R,11R,12S,14R,16S,17S,19R,21S)-17-[(S)-acetyloxy(furan-3-yl)methyl]-9-ethyl-3,19-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-16,21-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,5,14,17-tetramethyl-8,10,13,15,20-pentaoxaheptacyclo[12.5.1.12,5.01,12.03,7.07,11.012,16]henicosan-6-yl] (2S,3R)-2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1R,2R,3R,5R,6S,7S,9R,11R,12S,14R,16S,17S,19R,21S)-3-acetyloxy-17-[(S)-acetyloxy(furan-3-yl)methyl]-9-ethyl-19-hydroxy-9-methoxy-16,21-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,5,14,17-tetramethyl-8,10,13,15,20-pentaoxaheptacyclo[12.5.1.12,5.01,12.03,7.07,11.012,16]henicosan-6-yl] (2S,3R)-2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1R,2R,3R,5R,6S,7S,9R,11R,12S,14R,16S,17S,19R,21S)-3-acetyloxy-17-[(S)-acetyloxy(furan-3-yl)methyl]-9-ethyl-19-hydroxy-9-methoxy-16,21-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,5,14,17-tetramethyl-8,10,13,15,20-pentaoxaheptacyclo[12.5.1.12,5.01,12.03,7.07,11.012,16]henicosan-6-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6S,7R,8R,10R,12R,13S,15R,16S)-15-[(S)-acetyloxy(furan-3-yl)methyl]-3,13-dihydroxy-6,16-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-5,7,10,15-tetramethyl-2-propanoyloxy-9,11,17-trioxahexacyclo[8.6.1.15,8.01,12.03,8.07,12]octadecan-4-yl] (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1R,2R,4S,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,15S,17R)-15-[(1R)-1-acetyloxy-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-9-(furan-3-yl)-10,14,16,16-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-3,8-dioxapentacyclo[12.3.1.02,4.04,13.05,10]octadecan-17-yl] (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Swietenia macrophylla has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Swietenia macrophylla carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 543×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 · CCDB · Cave1963
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type4 388 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions64 of 118 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Moreloslocation not on record | 1 501 |
| Saint Louis, US | 108 |
| Durango, MX | 83 |
| Mexico City, MX | 76 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 51 |
| Kew, GB | 34 |
| Mexico City, MX | 33 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 29 |
| Chapingo, MX | 25 |
| Bronx, US | 25 |
| Tapachula, MX | 24 |
| Mérida, MX | 21 |
| Mexico City, MX | 20 |
| Chicago, US | 18 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 15 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 10 |
| Berlin, DE | 10 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 9 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 9 |
| MAlocation not on record | 8 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 8 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 7 |
| La Paz, BO | 7 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 6 |
| San José, CR | 5 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 5 |
| Wlocation not on record | 5 |
| Area de Conservacion Guanacastelocation not on record | 5 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 5 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 5 |
| Austin, US | 4 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 4 |
| Blumenau, BR | 4 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 4 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 4 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 4 |
| León, NI | 4 |
| Brasília, BR | 4 |
| Miami, US | 3 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 3 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 3 |
| Fundación Desarrollo y Ambiente FUNDAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Ministry of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 3 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 3 |
| San Francisco, US | 3 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Tampa, US | 3 |
| Seychelles National Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 2 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 2 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 2 |
| Davis, US | 2 |
| Fort Worth, US | 2 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| arosemena tola, EC | 2 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Herbario UTCEClocation not on record | 2 |
| Empresa Energía Eléctrica de la Costa Atlántica (ENELCA S.A.S E.S.P.)location not on record | 2 |
| Mérida, MX | 2 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 1 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 1 |
| Montecillo, Texcoco, MX | 1 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| ESALQlocation not on record | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record | 1 |
| St. Paul, US | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Corrientes, AR | 1 |
| Jackson, US | 1 |
| Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticoslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade do Estado de Mato Grossolocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Arequipa, PE | 1 |
| Universidad de Pamplona (UPamplona)location not on record | 1 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Anchorage, US | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cochabamba, BO | 1 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 1 |
| Guilin, CN | 1 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Quito, EC | 1 |
| Puebla, MX | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 1 |
| Gump Stationlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDistrital)location not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 1 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Maringá, BR | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Swietenia macrophylla was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.