Swertia chirayita

(Roxb.) H.Karst. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Gentianaceae/Swertia

At a glance

Occurrence records39

Data sources7

Biological traits9

DNA specimens28

eDNA detections26

Sources7 archives

Databases and archives Swertia chirayita's data was compiled from.

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility39 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI26 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics28 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

On this page6 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

Traits & measurements2 literature sources9 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS15 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF39 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries26 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD28 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 18

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFT

Life cycle & reproduction1

Life formannual or biennial

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment7

Climatetemperate

Climberself-supporting

Elevation max2 700 m

Elevation min1 500 m

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formherb

Woodinessnon-woody

03Chemical composition15 compounds

Compounds documented for Swertia chirayita across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

🍽 Used in cooking

Compound class profile5 classes

Plant xanthones7

Multiflorane triterpenoids3

Gammacerane triterpenoids1

Taraxerane triterpenoids1

Oleanane triterpenoids1

Documented compounds15 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(+)-16-Gammaceren-3beta-ol	present	LOTUS
(3R,4aR,6aS,6bS,8aS,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,9,9,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,7,8,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol	present	LOTUS
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aS,8aS,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol	present	LOTUS
(3S,4aS,6aS,6bS,8aS,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,9,9,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,7,8,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol	present	LOTUS
(4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	present	LOTUS
(4aR,6aS,6bS,8aS,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,9,9,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,7,8,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one	present	LOTUS
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one	present	LOTUS
1-Hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone	present	LOTUS
1-Hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone	present	LOTUS
1-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-xanthen-9-one	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding28 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Swertia chirayita has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens28

Marker genes5

eDNA detections26

Countries2

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★rbcL★ITS★ITS2trnH-psbA

plant barcodefungal barcodemarker

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Swertia chirayita carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 18 n = 9

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome records18–182n range18median18mode2records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 182×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — SHARMA, A., & A.K. SARKAR (Editors). 1967-68. Chromosome number reports of plants in Annual Report, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of"li"otany, University of Calcutta. The Research Bulletin. 2: 38-Q8.

CCDB · book-indian_vol1 — Sharma, A. & Sarkar, A.K. 1967-1968

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type39 records

Wild obs. + sensor1

Museum / vouchered38

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO80 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km

≤100 m 1

1 georeferenced

Open the mapobservation + sensor1

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy33% within 1 km

≤1 km 1>10 km 2

3 georeferenced · 35 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence38

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions5 of 7 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record	3
Minia, EG	2
Beijing, CN	1
Kathmandu, NP	1
Kew, GB	1
Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record	1
Edinburgh, GB	1

7 institutions · 10 of 38 vouchered records shown · 16 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA26 detections

Where the DNA of Swertia chirayita was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found26

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 26 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median14.8 °C 14.8–14.8

Seasonal swing summer↔winter14.1 °C

Max temp (day)17.9 °C

Min temp (night)9.30 °C

Precipitation297 mm/mo

Air humidity63.1 %

Moisture balance218 mm/mo

Vapour deficit617 Pa

Wind speed1.10 m/s

Cloud cover29.9 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 13 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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