Unripe fruit Spondias dulcis (syn. Spondias cytherea), known commonly as ' () in Sri Lanka or June plum, is an equatorial or tropical tree, with edible fruit containing a fibrous pit. In the English speaking Caribbean it is typically known as golden apple and elsewhere in the Caribbean as pommecythere or cythere. In Polynesia it is known as wi.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Spondias dulcis across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Spondias dulcis has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens4
Marker genes2
eDNA detections4
Countries2
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★rbcL★rbcLa
plant barcode
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type605 records
Wild obs. + sensor320
Museum / vouchered283
Other2
Origin
Native2
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO1 736 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy74% within 1 km
≤100 m 165≤1 km 25≤10 km 40>10 km 26
256 georeferenced · 64 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor320
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy33% within 1 km
≤100 m 3≤1 km 11≤10 km 26>10 km 3
43 georeferenced · 240 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence283
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions25 of 64 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Bronx, US
18
Saint Louis, US
17
Brisbane, AU
12
Canberra, AU
11
Auckland, NZ
7
Miami, US
7
Smithfield, AU
6
Honolulu, US
6
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
6
University of Papua New Guinealocation not on record
5
Kew, GB
4
JBRJlocation not on record
4
Paris, FR
4
Tampa, US
4
National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record
3
UNIVASFlocation not on record
3
Chicago, US
3
Plocation not on record
3
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
3
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record
3
Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record
3
CEPLAClocation not on record
2
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grossolocation not on record
2
Berlin, DE
2
Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record
2
UNEMATlocation not on record
2
BISHlocation not on record
2
Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record
2
Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV
2
UNICAMPlocation not on record
2
Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record
2
Masindi, UG
2
Cuiabá, BR
2
Mount Annan, AU
2
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record
2
Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record
1
Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record
1
CJBGlocation not on record
1
Santa Teresa, BR
1
UEPAlocation not on record
1
UFBAlocation not on record
1
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record
1
Cambridge, US
1
IFAN Ch. A. Dioplocation not on record
1
National Herbarium of São Tomé and Principelocation not on record
1
Maringá, BR
1
Kensington, AU
1
UNESP-RClocation not on record
1
Fort Worth, US
1
Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record
1
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record
1
HACAMlocation not on record
1
Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Developement Rurallocation not on record
1
Fortaleza, BR
1
UFMGlocation not on record
1
León, NI
1
Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record
1
Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record
1
QCNElocation not on record
1
Cibinong Science Center, Herbarium Bogorienselocation not on record
1
HNBlocation not on record
1
Ilhéus, BR
1
BRLUlocation not on record
1
64 institutions · 189 of 283 vouchered records shown · 92 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA4 detections
Where the DNA of Spondias dulcis was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found4
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 4 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median22.8 °C 22.8–25.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter1.80 °C
Max temp (day)25.4 °C 25.4–27.7
Min temp (night)20.7 °C 20.7–22.8
Precipitation341 mm/mo 223–341
Air humidity74.2 % 71.6–74.2
Moisture balance252 mm/mo 94.0–252
Vapour deficit715 Pa 715–899
Wind speed2.10 m/s 1.10–2.10
Cloud cover49.9 % 49.9–51.4
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 3 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation17 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility605 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗