Spigelia anthelmia
speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Spigelia anthelmia's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 748 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI7 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics15 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Spigelia anthelmia, the West Indian pinkroot, wormbush, or wormgrass, is a species of flowering plant in the family Loganiaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Florida, and northern South America through to Bolivia and Brazil, and it has been widely introduced to other tropical locales, including western and west-central Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Hainan, and the Bismarck Archipelago. Highly poisonous, it is used as a vermifuge against intestinal worms.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology5
Life cycle & reproduction4
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry1
Compounds documented for Spigelia anthelmia across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Documented compounds10 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| [(1R,2S,3R,6S,7S,9S,10S,11S,12R,13S,14R)-2,3,6,9,11,13,14-heptahydroxy-3,7,10-trimethyl-11-propan-2-yl-15-oxapentacyclo[7.5.1.01,6.07,13.010,14]pentadecan-12-yl] 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate | present | LOTUS | |
| FHNXNPZYUNFIQX-SFEDZAPPSA-N | present | NPASS | |
| JTXPJDISVMKDJV-SUOXRQNBSA-N | present | NPASS | |
| REYPEWVSBJSDJC-JVRSTXLVSA-N | present | NPASS | |
| RHXNVIOSWGLRCZ-FMNCTDSISA-N | present | NPASS | |
| Ryania [ISO] | present | LOTUS | |
| Spiganthine | present | LOTUS | |
| SPLFXCMZWBNPBW-YJGRUCBDSA-N | present | NPASS | |
| UOBFZNJEPLRDAO-WCQYABFASA-N | present | NPASS | |
| URVDQZDQPQVIGE-FKKLRAJBSA-N | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Spigelia anthelmia has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Spigelia anthelmia carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 324×CCDB · book-ipcn65 · CCDB · book-ipcn66 · CCDB · book-fedorov +1
n 161×CCDB · iapt
Record type3 748 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions68 of 186 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 209 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 81 |
| Durango, MX | 77 |
| Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNCR)location not on record | 64 |
| Bronx, US | 58 |
| Mexico City, MX | 58 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 53 |
| Mérida, MX | 43 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 37 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 33 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 30 |
| Mexico City, MX | 30 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 29 |
| Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record | 29 |
| Kew, GB | 26 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 23 |
| Chicago, US | 23 |
| LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record | 22 |
| Masindi, UG | 22 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 22 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 21 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 20 |
| Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record | 20 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 19 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 19 |
| Tampa, US | 18 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 18 |
| LBVlocation not on record | 17 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 17 |
| Miami, US | 16 |
| Austin, US | 16 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 16 |
| San Francisco de Campeche, MX | 15 |
| Berlin, DE | 15 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 15 |
| Tapachula, MX | 14 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 13 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 13 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 13 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 12 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 12 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 12 |
| MAlocation not on record | 11 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 11 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 11 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 11 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 11 |
| Canberra, AU | 10 |
| LSFlocation not on record | 10 |
| Palmerston, AU | 9 |
| Brisbane, AU | 9 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 9 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 9 |
| León, NI | 8 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 8 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 8 |
| INBIOlocation not on record | 8 |
| Anton de Kom University of Surinamelocation not on record | 7 |
| San José, CR | 7 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 7 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 7 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 7 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 6 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 6 |
| Salvador, BR | 6 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 6 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 6 |
| Brasília, BR | 6 |
| IECOSlocation not on record | 6 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 6 |
| Brasília, BR | 6 |
| Santarém, BR | 6 |
| Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoirelocation not on record | 5 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Aarhus, DK | 5 |
| Plocation not on record | 5 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 5 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 5 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 4 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 4 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 4 |
| Paris, FR | 4 |
| Blumenau, BR | 4 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 4 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 4 |
| Smithfield, AU | 4 |
| Glocation not on record | 4 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 4 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 3 |
| Fundación Desarrollo y Ambiente FUNDAlocation not on record | 3 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 3 |
| Xiamen, CN | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 3 |
| CASlocation not on record | 3 |
| South Kensington, GB | 3 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 3 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Centre National de Floristique - Université Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNYlocation not on record | 3 |
| Burlington, US | 3 |
| Johnson City, US | 3 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 3 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Sangmiung Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Elocation not on record | 3 |
| Area de Conservacion Guanacastelocation not on record | 3 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 3 |
| AMDlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 3 |
| IFANlocation not on record | 3 |
| BMlocation not on record | 2 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Mérida, MX | 2 |
| UFAClocation not on record | 2 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 2 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 2 |
| Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG)location not on record | 2 |
| OTSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| HACAMlocation not on record | 2 |
| EL PASO, US | 2 |
| Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (UTCH)location not on record | 2 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 2 |
| Brussels, BE | 2 |
| BRLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanallocation not on record | 2 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 1 |
| ESALQlocation not on record | 1 |
| Managua, NI | 1 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 1 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Río Palenque Science Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| Santiago de Cali, CO | 1 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 1 |
| Northridge, US | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres" (JBC)location not on record | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 1 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 1 |
| Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca, A. C.location not on record | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| Goucher Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 1 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Nnamdi Azikiwe University Herbarium (NAUH)location not on record | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Montpellier, FR | 1 |
| LGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 1 |
| HUENFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Córdoba (UC)location not on record | 1 |
| VALElocation not on record | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| CMULlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| Station d'Ecologie de Lamtolocation not on record | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National des Semences Forestièreslocation not on record | 1 |
| Clocation not on record | 1 |
| Londrina, BR | 1 |
| UNICAPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 1 |
| URCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
Where the DNA of Spigelia anthelmia was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.