A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Sphyrapicus thyroideus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens5
BINs1
Marker genes1
eDNA detections5
Countries1
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P694 bp consensus5 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 99% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Diversity (π)0.40%
Haplotypes1
BIN1
Where individuals differ — all 5 variable positions, in barcode order
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
07Deep time~5.01 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin5.01 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type85 645 records
Wild obs. + sensor85 124
Museum / vouchered515
Other6
Origin
Native202
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO58 724 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy82% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 022≤1 km 627≤10 km 193>10 km 167
2 009 georeferenced · 83 115 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor85 124
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy47% within 1 km
≤100 m 85≤1 km 63≤10 km 128>10 km 42
318 georeferenced · 197 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence515
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions26 of 41 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Seattle, US
104
Denver, US
72
München, DE
64
Washington State University, Charles R. Conner Museumlocation not on record
30
Tacoma, US
26
San Diego, US
26
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record
22
Delaware Museum of Nature and Sciencelocation not on record
18
US
17
Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental Collegelocation not on record
16
Wuzhou, CN
11
New Haven, US
10
9
Mongolian Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
9
Louisiana State University, Museum of Zoologylocation not on record
8
Washington, US
6
Truckee, US
5
Cambridge, US
5
South Kensington, GB
5
Ann Arbor, US
4
Universidad Católica de Manizaleslocation not on record
4
Zacatecas, MX
3
Iowa City, US
3
Ohio State University - Bird Division, Columbus, OH (OSUM)location not on record
3
Los Angeles, US
3
Berkeley, US
3
CASlocation not on record
2
Albany, US
2
Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
2
Ensenada, MX
2
Chicago, US
2
Ciudad de México, MX
2
Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja Californialocation not on record
2
Philip L. Wright Zoological Museumlocation not on record
1
Saint John, CA
1
ASUlocation not on record
1
Arizona State University Biocollectionslocation not on record
1
University of Nebraska State Museumlocation not on record
1
EL PASO, US
1
Paris, FR
1
Chicago, US
1
41 institutions · 508 of 515 vouchered records shown · 7 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA5 detections
Where the DNA of Sphyrapicus thyroideus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found5
Studies independent surveys1
Countries1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 5 detections have coordinates
Open the map1 country0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.8 °C 6.80–16.9
Seasonal swing summer↔winter21.1 °C
Max temp (day)22.4 °C 12.6–24.1
Min temp (night)7.80 °C 0.8–9.60
Precipitation38.6 mm/mo 19.4–46.2
Air humidity52.2 % 47.5–55.9
Moisture balance-102 mm/mo -131–-64.5
Vapour deficit808 Pa 451–1,018
Wind speed2.60 m/s 1.80–3.30
Cloud cover42.4 % 35.1–43.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 5 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation8 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility85 645 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI5 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics5 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
IOC World Bird ListIOCbird checklist↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗