Sphaerularia bombi

Dufour, 1837 · species

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Animalia/Nematoda/Chromadorea/Rhabditida/Sphaerulariidae/Sphaerularia

At a glance

Occurrence records302

Data sources10

Biological traits0

DNA specimens31

eDNA detections323

Sources10 archives

Databases and archives Sphaerularia bombi's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility302 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI323 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics31 specimens↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗

NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗

Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page5 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Occurrence & distributionGBIF302 records

Environmental DNA2 datasets · 1 countries323 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD31 specimens

Genome at a glanceGoaT · NCBI≈109 Mbp

01Narrative

Sphaerularia bombi is an entomopathogenic nematode. It is parasite of bumblebees. It infects and sterilizes gynes or potential queens of bumblebees.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

No structured trait data for this taxon yet.

05DNA & barcoding31 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Sphaerularia bombi has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens31

Marker genes1

eDNA detections323

Countries2

The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen

COI-5P417 bp consensus31 specimens

ACGT

▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies

Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 79% of positions are identical in every specimen.

Where individuals differ — all 86 variable positions, in barcode order

15Tmostly conserved

18Avariable

24Amostly conserved

33Tmostly conserved

36Tvariable

42Avariable

45Tvariable

51Tvariable

57Amostly conserved

63Amostly conserved

69Tmostly conserved

72Gvariable

75Amostly conserved

81Avariable

87Tvariable

90Tmostly conserved

93Avariable

96Tvariable

99Avariable

108Tvariable

111Tmostly conserved

114Amostly conserved

117Avariable

123Avariable

126Avariable

132Tmostly conserved

138Amostly conserved

147Tmostly conserved

156Avariable

165Tmostly conserved

168Tmostly conserved

171Avariable

177Amostly conserved

183Tmostly conserved

186Amostly conserved

189Tmostly conserved

192Tmostly conserved

207Tvariable

210Gvariable

213Tmostly conserved

219Tmostly conserved

222Tvariable

225Tvariable

231Amostly conserved

234Tvariable

237Amostly conserved

240Tmostly conserved

249Amostly conserved

250Tvariable

252Avariable

255Avariable

259Cvariable

261Tvariable

270Tvariable

271Avariable

272Tmostly conserved

273Tmostly conserved

277Amostly conserved

279Tmostly conserved

281Tmostly conserved

285Tmostly conserved

288Tmostly conserved

291Amostly conserved

294Amostly conserved

300Gvariable

304Avariable

305Tmostly conserved

306Avariable

330Avariable

333Ahighly variable

339Avariable

345Avariable

346Tmostly conserved

352Cvariable

354Tvariable

357Tvariable

360Tmostly conserved

366Tmostly conserved

369Avariable

375Tmostly conserved

376Amostly conserved

384Tmostly conserved

387Tmostly conserved

399Tmostly conserved

402Avariable

405Avariable

CCTGAGGTTTATATTTTAATTTTACCTGCTTTTGGTATTTTAAGTCATAGTTCTTTATGTTTAACTGGTAAGAAAGAGGTATTTGGTTCT …

Variant network

Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.

Diversity (π)8.5%

Haplotypes31

BINs0

Most divergent pair12.7%

AsiaEurope

Closest relatives by DNA barcode

The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.

Bursaphelenchus mucronatussame order8.7%Bursaphelenchus tadamiensissame order10.4%Aphelenchoides paradalianensissame order10.7%Steinernema krausseisame order10.9%Bursaphelenchus sexdentatisame order12.1%

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★COI-5P

animal barcode

06Genome at a glanceGoaT · NCBI

The complete instruction manual Sphaerularia bombi carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is

Genome size≈109 080 817 bp assembly estimate

Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).

BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb

FUNGUS0.04 Gb

THIS GENOME Sphaerularia bombi0.11 Gb

INSECT0.25 Gb

HUMAN3.2 Gb

WHEAT17 Gb

FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb

Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers

Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.

Assembly levelChromosome

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type302 records

Museum / vouchered302

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO692 km²

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy

no georeferenced coordinates · 302 records without

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence302

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions1 of 2 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)location not on record	6
Washington, US	4

2 institutions · 10 of 302 vouchered records shown · 292 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA323 detections

Where the DNA of Sphaerularia bombi was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found323

Studies independent surveys2

Countries1

Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 323 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Measured at samplingin-field

Temperature16.1 °C 10.0–25.0

pH5.70 3.30–9.50

Conductivity74.0 µS/cm 10.0–115,200

Organic carbon2.08 % 0.003–11.6

Water content15.1 % 0.816–91.6

Nitrate-N5.00 mg/kg 0.006–209

Phosphorus9.00 mg/kg 2.00–182

Clay17.3 % 0.94–67.0

Sand65.5 % 12.3–99.1

Depth0 m 0–0.2

SoilSodosolKandosolTenosolsChromosolsDermosolLatLon out of range

227 samples with on-site data · median with range · describes the sample, not the organism

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median15.6 °C 9.80–27.0

Seasonal swing summer↔winter12.0 °C

Max temp (day)20.1 °C 13.9–33.1

Min temp (night)10.8 °C 6.70–21.2

Precipitation49.0 mm/mo 12.4–113

Air humidity56.5 % 45.3–61.7

Moisture balance-67.0 mm/mo -176–38.8

Vapour deficit772 Pa 483–1,947

Wind speed3.40 m/s 2.20–4.80

Cloud cover21.0 % 9.30–31.7

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 292 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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