Spermacoce alata

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Spermacoce

At a glance

Occurrence records1 045

Data sources11

Biological traits14

DNA specimens6

eDNA detections10

Sources11 archives

Databases and archives Spermacoce alata's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation4 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 045 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI10 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics6 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources14 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS28 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF1 045 records

Environmental DNA2 datasets · 3 countries10 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD6 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 28

01Narrative

Spermacoce alata, the winged false buttonweed, is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae.Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusée. 1775. Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise 1: 60–61, t. 22, f. 7. It is widespread across the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere and naturalized in many other parts of the world.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Life cycle & reproduction4

Deciduousnessevergreen

Life formperennial or subshrub

Life spanperennial

Lifeform raunkiaer detailedchamaephyte

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment9

Aquaticterrestrial

Climatewet tropical

Climberself-supporting

Elevation max2 040 m

Elevation min60 m

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formherb

Habitat GIFT(?)

Woodinessnon-woody

03Chemical composition28 compounds

Compounds documented for Spermacoce alata across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile4 classes

Iridoids monoterpenoids7

Daphnane diterpenoids6

Phytane diterpenoids1

Podocarpane diterpenoids1

Documented compounds28 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(2S,10aS)-2,6-dihydroxy-1,1,7-trimethyl-10,10a-dihydro-2H-phenanthrene-3,9-dione	present	NPASS
10-Hydroxyloganin	present	LOTUS
6-O-Acetylscandoside	present	LOTUS
[(1R,2R,4S,5S,6R,7S,8R,9S,10S,11R,13S,15S,16R,18S)-5,7,9,18-tetraacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-4,8,16-trimethyl-13-phenyl-18-prop-1-en-2-yl-12,14,17-trioxapentacyclo[11.3.1.111,15.01,10.02,6]octadecan-8-yl] benzoate	present	NPASS
[(1R,2R,4S,5S,6R,7S,8R,9S,10S,11R,13S,15S,16S,17R)-5,7,9-triacetyloxy-6,16-dihydroxy-4,8,17-trimethyl-13-phenyl-15-prop-1-en-2-yl-12,14,18-trioxapentacyclo[11.4.1.01,10.02,6.011,15]octadecan-8-yl] benzoate	present	NPASS
[(1R,2R,4S,6S,7S,8R,10S,11S,12R,14S,16S,17S,18R)-6,7-dihydroxy-4,8,18-trimethyl-5-oxo-14-phenyl-16-prop-1-en-2-yl-9,13,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[12.4.1.01,11.02,6.08,10.012,16]nonadecan-17-yl] benzoate	present	NPASS
[(1R,2R,6S,7S,8R,10S,11S,12R,14S,16S,17S,18R)-6,7-dihydroxy-4,8,18-trimethyl-5-oxo-14-phenyl-16-prop-1-en-2-yl-9,13,15,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[12.4.1.01,11.02,6.08,10.012,16]nonadec-3-en-17-yl] benzoate	present	NPASS
Asperulosidic Acid	present	LOTUS
CID 101520981	present	NPASS
CZCSIDPZZCHSTM-OAHLLOKOSA-N	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcoding6 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Spermacoce alata has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens6

Marker genes3

eDNA detections10

Countries3

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★rbcL★ITS★ITS2

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Spermacoce alata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 28 n = 14

Ploidydiploid inferred

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 281×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Correa, M.N. 2004. Chromosomal studies of species of Rubiaceae (A. L. de Jussieu) from the Brazilian cerrado. Caryologia 57(3): 250–258.

n 141×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78

CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Philip & Mathew 1975

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type1 045 records

Wild obs. + sensor768

Museum / vouchered277

Origin

Introduced21

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO2 188 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy81% within 1 km

≤100 m 30≤1 km 8>10 km 9

47 georeferenced · 721 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor768

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy65% within 1 km

≤100 m 4≤1 km 9≤10 km 7

20 georeferenced · 257 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence277

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions19 of 39 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record	70
Saint Louis, US	45
Kew, GB	40
Kathmandu, NP	16
Bronx, US	12
Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record	11
San José, CR	10
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record	5
Department of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratorieslocation not on record	5
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record	5
Mexico City, MX	4
Stockholm, SE	4
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record	4
Paris, FR	3
Xiamen, CN	3
Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record	2
UnBlocation not on record	2
Edinburgh, GB	2
Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record	2
Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV	2
Berlin, DE	1
Columbia, US	1
Loja, EC	1
Aarhus, DK	1
Beijing Normal Universitylocation not on record	1
Guilin, CN	1
IECOSlocation not on record	1
Odawara, JP	1
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record	1
Plocation not on record	1
TULVlocation not on record	1
MEXUlocation not on record	1
LBVlocation not on record	1
Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT)location not on record	1
Kochi, JP	1
CUVClocation not on record	1
Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record	1
Göteborg, SE	1
Museo naturalistico del Frignano Ferruccio Minghellilocation not on record	1

39 institutions · 266 of 277 vouchered records shown · 10 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA10 detections

Where the DNA of Spermacoce alata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found10

Studies independent surveys2

Countries3

Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 10 detections have coordinates

Open the map3 countries0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median21.8 °C 20.8–24.5

Seasonal swing summer↔winter8.00 °C

Max temp (day)26.4 °C 26.2–28.3

Min temp (night)17.6 °C 14.7–20.3

Precipitation204 mm/mo 10.3–228

Air humidity63.4 % 58.4–64.1

Moisture balance48.2 mm/mo -89.3–51.1

Vapour deficit982 Pa 950–1,146

Wind speed2.50 m/s 1.80–3.10

Cloud cover47.3 % 13.1–54.1

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 6 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Spermacoce alata

At a glance

Sources11 archives

Life cycle & reproduction4

Diet & foraging1

Habitat & environment9

Compound class profile4 classes

Documented compounds28 total

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type1 045 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions19 of 39 geolocated

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type1 045 records