Sonchus palustris
speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Sonchus palustris's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation11 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility28 394 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI14 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics27 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Sonchus palustris, commonly known as marsh sowthistle, is a plant native to temperate regions of the Europe, Russia, Central Asia, and Xinjiang in western China.Altervista Flora Italiana, Sonchus palustris L. includes illustrations and European distribution map.Flora of China, Sonchus palustris Linnaeus, 1753. 沼生苦苣菜 zhao sheng ku ju cai It has also become naturalized in a few locations in the Canadian Province of Ontario. Sonchus palustris can be found in damp peaty or silty soils rich in nitrogen. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat.Archibald William Smith It is a perennial herb sometimes as much as 350 cm (almost 12 feet) tall. It produces an array of numerous flower heads, each with numerous yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.Flora of North America, Sonchus palustris Linnaeus, 1753. Marsh sow-thistle
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology13
Life cycle & reproduction14
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry3
Other traits1
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Sonchus palustris has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Sonchus palustris carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1824×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · slov-fl +9
2n 541×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
How it livedPBDB
Record type28 394 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions30 of 71 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 120 |
| LDlocation not on record | 109 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 94 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 49 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 32 |
| Görlitz, DE | 30 |
| Olocation not on record | 28 |
| Mlocation not on record | 26 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 23 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 17 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 16 |
| Wlocation not on record | 14 |
| South Kensington, GB | 13 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 12 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 11 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 10 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 10 |
| Uppsala, SE | 8 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 8 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 7 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 7 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 6 |
| Wuhan, CN | 5 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 5 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 5 |
| Urumqi, CN | 4 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 4 |
| Berlin, DE | 3 |
| Saint Louis, US | 3 |
| Bergen, NO | 2 |
| Dresden, DE | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 2 |
| München, DE | 2 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 2 |
| Government College University Lahore, Dr. Sultan Ahmad Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| KTUBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Trondheim, NO | 2 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 1 |
| PVTlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 1 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| Bratislava, SK | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Inner Mongolia Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| BGBMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Salzburg, AT | 1 |
| H-Drencklocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Sonchus palustris was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.