Sonchus hydrophilus

Boulos · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus

At a glance

Occurrence records964

Data sources6

Biological traits34

DNA specimens8

eDNA detections8

Sources6 archives

Databases and archives Sonchus hydrophilus's data was compiled from.

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility964 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics8 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

On this page6 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements4 literature sources34 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS7 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF964 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries8 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD8 specimens

01Narrative

التفاف المحب للماء يتشابه كثيراً مع أنواع التفاف الأخرى وهو يلاحظ قرب الأنهار وفي الأراضي الطينية الجيدة وهو يعتبر نبات معمر ويتحمل الظروف الصعبة وهو من الفصيلة النجمية

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesAusTraitsTRYWCVPGIFT

Size & morphology12

Fruit length3.35 mm

Fruit width1.65 mm

Leaf length300 mm

Leaf length max300 mm

Leaf length min50 mm

Leaf width25 mm

Leaf width max30 mm

Leaf width min10 mm

Plant height1.2 m

Plant height max1.8 m

Plant height min0.5 m

Seed mass0.342 mg

Life cycle & reproduction8

Dehiscenceindehiscent

Dispersal typewind

Flowering timeyyyyyyyyyyyy

Life spanannual biennial perennial

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: annual biennial perennial · GIFT: annual

Pollination syndromeinsect

Raunkiær life formtherophyte

Resprouting capacityfire_killed

Sex typehermaphrodite

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment10

Aquaticterrestrial

Climatesubtropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit fleshinessdry

Fruit typeachene

Growth formherb

Leaf compoundnesssimple

Leaf shapelanceolate narrowly_oblanceolate oblanceolate

Woodinessnon-woody

Physiology & chemistry2

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

Other traits1

Plant support typefree-standing

03Chemical composition7 compounds

Compounds documented for Sonchus hydrophilus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile2 classes

Flavones5

Simple coumarins2

Documented compounds7 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(3R,4R,6S)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	present	LOTUS
(3S,4S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	present	LOTUS
Aesculetin	present	LOTUS
Apiumetrin	present	LOTUS
Luteolin 7-glucoside	present	LOTUS
Luteolin 7-glucuronide	present	LOTUS
Scopoletin	present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding8 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Sonchus hydrophilus has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens8

Marker genes2

eDNA detections8

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★ITS2

plant barcodefungal barcode

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type964 records

Wild obs. + sensor501

Museum / vouchered462

Cultivated / captive1

Origin

Native252

Introduced16

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO2 472 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy85% within 1 km

≤100 m 307≤1 km 99≤10 km 67>10 km 4

477 georeferenced · 24 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor501

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy53% within 1 km

≤100 m 95≤1 km 129≤10 km 181>10 km 20

425 georeferenced · 37 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence462

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 1

1 georeferenced

Open the mapnot free-living1

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions11 of 15 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Adelaide, AU	167
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record	89
Kensington, AU	55
Canberra, AU	51
Palmerston, AU	29
Mount Annan, AU	26
Hobart, AU	9
Brisbane, AU	8
Kew, GB	3
John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record	3
NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record	2
Stockholm, SE	1
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record	1
Auckland, NZ	1
Guangzhou, CN	1

15 institutions · 446 of 462 vouchered records shown · 14 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA8 detections

Where the DNA of Sonchus hydrophilus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found8

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 8 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median21.9 °C 21.9–21.9

Seasonal swing summer↔winter18.4 °C

Max temp (day)28.5 °C

Min temp (night)15.0 °C

Precipitation15.6 mm/mo

Air humidity43.4 %

Moisture balance-143 mm/mo

Vapour deficit1,624 Pa

Wind speed4.00 m/s

Cloud cover18.1 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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