Sonchus
genusAt a glance
Sources9 archives
Databases and archives Sonchus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation17 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility21 004 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI31 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics14 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Sonchus is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family AsteraceaeLinnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 793-795 in Latin and are commonly known as sow thistles (less commonly hare thistles or hare lettuces). Sowthistles are annual, biennial or perennial herbs, with or without rhizomes and a few are even woody (subgenus Dendrosonchus, restricted to the Canary Islands and Madeira).For a recent review of woody species, see Seung-Chul Kim et al. (1996). "A common origin for woody Sonchus and five related genera in the Macaronesian islands: Molecular evidence for extensive radiation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93:7743-7748.Altervista Flora Italiana genere Sonchus photos and distribution maps for several speciesAtlas of Living AustraliaFlora Zambesiaca
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Sonchus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile4 classes
Documented compounds5 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dihydrobrassicasterol | present | LOTUS | |
| gamma-Taraxasterol | present | LOTUS | |
| Lupeol | present | LOTUS | |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| Taraxasterol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Sonchus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Sonchus. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
How it livedPBDB
Record type21 006 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions101 of 192 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| MAlocation not on record | 68 |
| BClocation not on record | 55 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 53 |
| Durango, MX | 45 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 43 |
| Adelaide, AU | 35 |
| Wlocation not on record | 32 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 28 |
| Saint Louis, US | 27 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 22 |
| Beijing, CN | 22 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 20 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 19 |
| Paris, FR | 18 |
| Berlin, DE | 17 |
| València, ES | 15 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 14 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 14 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 13 |
| South Kensington, GB | 12 |
| Seoul, KR | 10 |
| Kew, GB | 10 |
| Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, AR | 9 |
| LDlocation not on record | 9 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 9 |
| Science Museum of Minnesotalocation not on record | 9 |
| Emporia, US | 8 |
| Fort Worth, US | 7 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 7 |
| Canberra, AU | 7 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 7 |
| Bronx, US | 6 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 6 |
| Chengdu, CN | 6 |
| CASlocation not on record | 6 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 6 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 5 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 5 |
| Cambridge, US | 5 |
| Olocation not on record | 5 |
| Allentown, US | 5 |
| Hobart, AU | 5 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 5 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 5 |
| Xian, CN | 5 |
| Kensington, AU | 5 |
| Xiamen, CN | 5 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 4 |
| Córdoba, AR | 4 |
| Uppsala, SE | 4 |
| Sevilla, ES | 4 |
| Auckland, NZ | 4 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 4 |
| Xining, CN | 4 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 4 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 4 |
| Wuhan, CN | 4 |
| Brisbane, AU | 4 |
| Nanjing, CN | 3 |
| Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Naturallocation not on record | 3 |
| Claremont, US | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 3 |
| Austin, US | 3 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 3 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Wuhan, CN | 3 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 3 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 3 |
| Blumenau, BR | 3 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 3 |
| Barcelona, ES | 3 |
| Campo Grande, BR | 3 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Toronto, CA | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| San Isidro, AR | 2 |
| Shanghai, CN | 2 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 2 |
| Davis, US | 2 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| J. Rusek Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 2 |
| Durban, ZA | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| Cusco, PE | 2 |
| Maringá, BR | 2 |
| Peking Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Guilin, CN | 2 |
| Lubbock, US | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 2 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 2 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 2 |
| Awka, NG | 2 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| Victoria, CA | 2 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica-CEBIQlocation not on record | 1 |
| TADlocation not on record | 1 |
| Arusha, TZ | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Salvador, BR | 1 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 1 |
| Antiguo Cuscatlán, SV | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Staten Island, US | 1 |
| Chongqing Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| 1 | |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Vitoria, ES | 1 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 1 |
| Viña del Mar, CL | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ural Federal University "B. N. Yeltsin"location not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Pullman, US | 1 |
| Quito, EC | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 1 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 1 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| QVMAGlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| DASSHlocation not on record | 1 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 1 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 1 |
| Corrientes, AR | 1 |
| Cuenca, EC | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| La Trobe Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Helsinki, FI | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDistrital)location not on record | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Masindi, UG | 1 |
| Dekalb, US | 1 |
| NSW Office of Environment and Heritagelocation not on record | 1 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis (JBBJCM)location not on record | 1 |
| IDElocation not on record | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 1 |
| Honolulu, US | 1 |
| HUENFlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 1 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Washington, US | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Catalina Island Conservancylocation not on record | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| La Paz, MX | 1 |
| Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)location not on record | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Phoenix, US | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Vale do São Franciscolocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 1 |
| AASlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Sonchus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.