Solanum tuberosum
speciesAt a glance
Sources17 archives
Databases and archives Solanum tuberosum's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility27 879 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System9 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI27 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics62 specimens↗
FooDBThe Metabolomics Innovation Centrecompounds↗
foodatlascompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
La pomme de terre, ou patate, est un tubercule comestible produit par l’espèce Solanum tuberosum, appartenant à la famille des Solanacées. Le terme désigne également la plante elle-même, plante herbacée, vivace par ses tubercules mais toujours cultivée comme une culture annuelle. Des espèces sauvages de pommes de terre sont présentes dans l'ouest de l'Amérique du sud-ouest de la Californie jusqu'à la pointe sud du Chili. En revanche, la pomme de terre cultivée est originaire d'une zone restreinte située dans le sud du Pérou et le nord-ouest de la Bolivie, où son utilisation remonte à environ 8 000 ans. Introduite en Europe vers la fin du XVIe siècle à la suite de la découverte de l’Amérique par les conquistadors espagnols, elle s’est rapidement diffusée dans le monde et est en 2015 cultivée dans plus de 150 pays sous presque toutes les latitudes habitées. Elle est une source importante de glucides, qui se présentent principalement sous forme de fécule, et selon son mode de cuisson elle peut apporter des quantités notables de protéines et de vitamines. Ses qualités nutritives et sa facilité de culture font qu’elle est devenue l’un des aliments de base de l’humanité : elle figure parmi les légumes et féculents les plus consommés et est la principale denrée alimentaire non céréalière du monde. Cultivée et consommée localement, relativement peu commercialisée sur le marché mondial sous sa forme crue, elle est recommandée par l’ONU pour atteindre la sécurité alimentaire. C’est aussi la culture alimentaire la plus productive, produisant plus de matière sèche à l’hectare que les céréales ; 85 % de la matière sèche produite par la plante est comestible pour l’homme contre environ 50 % pour les céréales. Le rendement moyen est d’environ dix-sept tonnes à l’hectare au niveau mondial, mais se situe entre quarante et cinquante tonnes dans certains pays développés d’Amérique du Nord et d'Europe de l'Ouest. La pomme de terre reste sous-utilisée dans certains pays du Tiers Monde, notamment en Afrique subsaharienne, mais globalement sa consommation progresse dans les pays en développement, tandis que dans les pays développés elle tend à diminuer et à basculer de plus en plus vers des formes transformées. La fécule de pomme de terre a donné naissance à une industrie de transformation, la féculerie, aux multiples débouchés dans les secteurs agro-alimentaire, cosmétique, pharmaceutique et industriel. Compte tenu de son importance économique, de nombreuses études scientifiques sur la pomme de terre et les espèces apparentées, notamment dans le domaine de la génétique, sont menées par des institutions publiques ou privées de différents pays, coordonnées au niveau mondial, entre autres, par le Centre international de la pomme de terre.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology26
Life cycle & reproduction15
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment15
Physiology & chemistry6
Other traits3
Compounds documented for Solanum tuberosum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds6 729 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| WATER | 81,070 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| oxalic acid | 80,500 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| α-D-galactose | 70,600 mg/100g | FooDB | |
| Starch, pregelatinized | 44,200 mg/100 g | FooDB |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum tuberosum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Solanum tuberosum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 4842×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn65 +11
2n 2427×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl +11
2n 366×CCDB · book-ipcn66 · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +2
2n 121×CCDB · book-indian_vol1
2n 401×CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
2n 961×CCDB · Cave1956supp
n 2424×CCDB · solan · CCDB · book-ipcn66 · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +2
n 1220×CCDB · solan · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · TreeOfSex · plant
n 185×CCDB · solan
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type27 888 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions135 of 246 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 2 297 |
| ROM007location not on record | 295 |
| LDlocation not on record | 90 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 79 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 73 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 62 |
| Durango, MX | 59 |
| Beijing, CN | 58 |
| Saint Louis, US | 47 |
| Zürich, CH | 45 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 44 |
| Kuopio, FI | 31 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 29 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 29 |
| Porvoo, FI | 28 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 27 |
| Tartu, EE | 27 |
| Bronx, US | 26 |
| Yangling, CN | 24 |
| Chengdu, CN | 24 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 22 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 20 |
| South Kensington, GB | 20 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 19 |
| Olocation not on record | 18 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 17 |
| Lanzhou, CN | 17 |
| Trondheim, NO | 16 |
| Auckland, NZ | 15 |
| Chapingo, MX | 14 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 14 |
| Nanjing, CN | 13 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 11 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 10 |
| Adelaide, AU | 10 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 9 |
| Puerto Ayora, EC | 9 |
| Chicago, US | 9 |
| YUG027location not on record | 9 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 9 |
| Barcelona, ES | 9 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 9 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 8 |
| Kunming, CN | 8 |
| Puebla, MX | 8 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 8 |
| Xining, CN | 8 |
| Bern, CH | 8 |
| Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record | 8 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 8 |
| Wuhan, CN | 7 |
| Chengdu, CN | 7 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 7 |
| Garðabær, IS | 7 |
| Mexico City, MX | 6 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 6 |
| Salzburg, AT | 6 |
| Dresden, DE | 6 |
| Kew, GB | 6 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 6 |
| Wellington, NZ | 6 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| MAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 5 |
| Mlocation not on record | 5 |
| Shanxi Institute of Biologylocation not on record | 5 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 5 |
| Université Lavallocation not on record | 5 |
| New Haven, US | 5 |
| Québec, CA | 5 |
| Guilin, CN | 5 |
| Taipei, TW | 5 |
| 盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区location not on record | 5 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 5 |
| Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record | 5 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Oulu, FI | 5 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Changsha, CN | 4 |
| Philadelphia, US | 4 |
| Wuhan, CN | 4 |
| ENTClocation not on record | 4 |
| Xiamen, CN | 4 |
| Yunnan Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| València, ES | 4 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 4 |
| Vitoria, ES | 3 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Turku, FI | 3 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 3 |
| St. Paul, US | 3 |
| Guasave, MX | 3 |
| Vancouver, CA | 3 |
| Hobart, AU | 3 |
| Uppsala, SE | 3 |
| Chiba, JP | 3 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 3 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 3 |
| Tallinn, EE | 3 |
| Bourges, FR | 3 |
| Chengdu, CN | 3 |
| Mexico City, MX | 3 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 3 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 3 |
| 云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record | 3 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 3 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 2 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 2 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 2 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 2 |
| Bergen, NO | 2 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 2 |
| Saint John, CA | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Görlitz, DE | 2 |
| Tapachula, MX | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Fulda, DE | 2 |
| KR | 2 |
| Granada, ES | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 2 |
| San Diego, US | 2 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 2 |
| Rovaniemi, FI | 2 |
| Alicante, ES | 2 |
| Jiangxi College of Educationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Giardini Botanici Hanburylocation not on record | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 2 |
| BClocation not on record | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis (JBBJCM)location not on record | 2 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| Odawara, JP | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| Austin, US | 2 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Helsinki, FI | 1 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nagano City, JP | 1 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow, US | 1 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo de Historia Natural Alfredo Dugés, Universidad de Guanajuatolocation not on record | 1 |
| Hangzhou, CN | 1 |
| 东北师范大学自然博物馆location not on record | 1 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 1 |
| ROM023location not on record | 1 |
| HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 1 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| NLD037location not on record | 1 |
| nbflocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Región Xalapalocation not on record | 1 |
| JMSlocation not on record | 1 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| SMMUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sanda, JP | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 1 |
| Firenze, IT | 1 |
| Millersville, US | 1 |
| Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipaslocation not on record | 1 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Sociedad Para el Estudio de los Recursos Bioticos de Oaxacalocation not on record | 1 |
| UniKSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| Armidale, AU | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Loja, EC | 1 |
| Riobamba, EC | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| CASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 1 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 1 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 1 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| AASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Collection of B. A. Bennettlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Otaru, JP | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 1 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 1 |
| Sendai, JP | 1 |
| Bando, JP | 1 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 1 |
| La Paz, BO | 1 |
| León, NI | 1 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 1 |
| Cuenca, EC | 1 |
| Sion, CH | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa - estación biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missourilocation not on record | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 1 |
| Córdoba, AR | 1 |
| TULVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Parkville, AU | 1 |
| Elocation not on record | 1 |
| Badajoz, ES | 1 |
| Shanghai, CN | 1 |
| Bend, US | 1 |
| Seoul, KR | 1 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 1 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 1 |
| Palmerston North, NZ | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Solanum tuberosum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.