Solanum sisymbriifolium
Lam. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Solanum sisymbriifolium's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility13 362 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI30 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics43 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Solanum sisymbriifolium is commonly known as vila-vila, sticky nightshade, red buffalo-bur, the fire-and-ice plant, litchi tomato, or Morelle de Balbis.Litchi Tomato article in Mother Earth News, December 2009 The small edible fruits are red on the outside and yellow inside. It grows inside a spiny, green husk. The fruit is ripe when it is easily removed from the stem. The flavor resembles sour cherries and a little bit like a tomato. This plant has been used as a trap crop to protect potatoes from potato cyst nematode.Introducing Solanum sisymbriifolium as a trap crop for potato cyst nematodes in the UK. Version of 2015-JUL-03. Retrieved 2007-AUG-02 The stems and leaves contain solasodine which makes the plant very resistant to many pests and diseases, with the exception of potato beetles and tomato hornworms. It can also be used as a hedge plant to keep animals out of a garden, because it is covered with prickles (erroneously called thorns).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology25
Life cycle & reproduction5
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment14
Physiology & chemistry2
Compounds documented for Solanum sisymbriifolium across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds156 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-8-Methoxyisolariciresinol | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Abscisic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Erythrodiol | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Lyoniresinol | present | NPASS | |
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| (-)-Isolariciresinol | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-1,2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-octamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-2,10-diol | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-1-[(2R)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-1-[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bS)-1-acetyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum sisymbriifolium has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Solanum sisymbriifolium carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 249×CCDB · nw-europe-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +2
2n 721×CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
n 1214×CCDB · solan · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +4
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type13 362 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions122 of 245 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Bronx, US | 279 |
| Córdoba, AR | 150 |
| Saint Louis, US | 129 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 126 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 107 |
| Chicago, US | 92 |
| South Kensington, GB | 91 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 88 |
| Kew, GB | 45 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 42 |
| San Isidro, AR | 33 |
| PUC-RSlocation not on record | 33 |
| Corrientes, AR | 32 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 32 |
| Brisbane, AU | 25 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 23 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 22 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 21 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 20 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 20 |
| Canberra, AU | 19 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 19 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 18 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 18 |
| UNESP-ISlocation not on record | 18 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 18 |
| Tampa, US | 16 |
| Blumenau, BR | 16 |
| South African National Biodiversity Institute, The National Herbariumlocation not on record | 15 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 15 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 14 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 14 |
| LDlocation not on record | 14 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 14 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 13 |
| Jackson, US | 13 |
| Kensington, AU | 13 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 13 |
| Brasília, BR | 12 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 11 |
| Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar)location not on record | 11 |
| Brasília, BR | 11 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 11 |
| Durban, ZA | 11 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 11 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 11 |
| Bloomington, US | 10 |
| Paris, FR | 10 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 10 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 10 |
| FUVATESlocation not on record | 9 |
| Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record | 9 |
| Odawara, JP | 8 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 8 |
| Cochabamba, BO | 8 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 8 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 8 |
| Sucre, BO | 8 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Stockholm, SE | 8 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 7 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 7 |
| MAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Pullman, US | 7 |
| Adelaide, AU | 7 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 7 |
| Criciúma, BR | 6 |
| Bangkok, TH | 6 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 6 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 6 |
| Londrina, BR | 6 |
| Olocation not on record | 6 |
| Dublin, IE | 6 |
| Wlocation not on record | 6 |
| Brussel, BE | 6 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 6 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 6 |
| Badajoz, ES | 5 |
| Instituto do Meio Ambientelocation not on record | 5 |
| Cascavel, BR | 5 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 5 |
| Cambridge, US | 5 |
| Loja, EC | 5 |
| Bergen, NO | 5 |
| La Paz, BO | 5 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 4 |
| NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record | 4 |
| Barcelona, ES | 4 |
| Kochi, JP | 4 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 4 |
| Lake Charles, US | 4 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 4 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 4 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 4 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 4 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 4 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 4 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum of Natural Sciencelocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 3 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 3 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 3 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 3 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 3 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 3 |
| Miami, US | 3 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Dresden, DE | 3 |
| Madison, US | 3 |
| US | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 3 |
| Armidale, AU | 3 |
| Tallinn, EE | 3 |
| Museo civico di Ecologia e Storia naturale di Marano sul Panarolocation not on record | 3 |
| Xiamen, CN | 3 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 3 |
| Mlocation not on record | 3 |
| Beijing, CN | 3 |
| Görlitz, DE | 3 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 2 |
| Aarhus, DK | 2 |
| BMlocation not on record | 2 |
| UNISANTAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 2 |
| Mississippi State, US | 2 |
| Museo naturalistico del Frignano Ferruccio Minghellilocation not on record | 2 |
| Altos de Pipe, VE | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Claremont, US | 2 |
| Palmerston, AU | 2 |
| Universität Göttingenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Stellenbosch University, DST- NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biologylocation not on record | 2 |
| Corvallis, US | 2 |
| REALlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hobart, AU | 2 |
| UNESP-IBILCElocation not on record | 2 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 2 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 2 |
| Wuhan, CN | 2 |
| Columbia, US | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| Santarém, BR | 2 |
| GAlocation not on record | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 2 |
| Tartu, EE | 2 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 2 |
| San Angelo, US | 2 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 2 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 2 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 2 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 2 |
| Quito, EC | 2 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 2 |
| Knoxville, US | 2 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 2 |
| Maringá, BR | 2 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 2 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 2 |
| BClocation not on record | 2 |
| Sanda, JP | 2 |
| Castelar, AR | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFSMlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 2 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 2 |
| Pelotas, BR | 2 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
| Udmurt State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| JP | 1 |
| Helsinki, FI | 1 |
| sonstHerblocation not on record | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Alicante, ES | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 1 |
| New Brunswick, US | 1 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 1 |
| Wellington, NZ | 1 |
| Tilburg, NL | 1 |
| Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Scienceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| FUNEDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Staten Island, US | 1 |
| Department of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratorieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Gutierrez,J. & Carretero, A.C."location not on record | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaftlocation not on record | 1 |
| Collections de la Faculte des Sciences de Lyonlocation not on record | 1 |
| FPMZBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 1 |
| Museum Wasmannlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNICENTRO-IRATIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 1 |
| Riverside, US | 1 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 1 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 1 |
| València, ES | 1 |
| HUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davis, US | 1 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade da Região de Joinville - Univillelocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| Cusco, PE | 1 |
| Trondheim, NO | 1 |
| MSB-3349location not on record | 1 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 1 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 1 |
| Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, AR | 1 |
| UTFPR-SLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Instituto para la Investigación y la Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca - INCIVAlocation not on record | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Toyama, JP | 1 |
| Wollongong, AU | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Santiago de Cali, CO | 1 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 1 |
| University of San Carloslocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Solanum sisymbriifolium was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.