Solanum scabrum

Mill. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum

At a glance

Occurrence records595

Data sources10

Biological traits19

DNA specimens2

eDNA detections2

Sources10 archives

Databases and archives Solanum scabrum's data was compiled from.

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility595 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources19 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS35 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF595 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries2 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD2 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB · TreeOfSex2n = 72

01Narrative

木龍葵（學名：）為茄科茄屬的物種，原生於非洲。

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY

Size & morphology4

Plant height0.6 m

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.6 m · TRY: 0.75 m

Seed mass0.753 mg

⚠ sources differ — TRY: 0.753 mg · GIFT: 0.65 mg

Seed mass max1 mg

Seed mass min0.3 mg

Life cycle & reproduction6

Life formannual or perennial

Life spanperennial|annual

⚠ sources differ — TRY: perennial|annual · GIFT: annual

Pollination modebiotic

Pollination syndromeinsect

Raunkiær life formtherophyte

Self fertilizationpresent

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment6

Aquaticterrestrial

Climateseasonally dry tropical

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Growth formherb

Woodinessnon-woody

Physiology & chemistry2

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

03Chemical composition35 compounds

Compounds documented for Solanum scabrum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

🍽 Used in cooking

Compound class profile5 classes

Aporphine alkaloids $ Isoquinoline alkaloids11

Acyclic monoterpenoids4

Menthane monoterpenoids3

Menthane monoterpenoids $ Monocyclic monoterpenoids2

Isoquinoline alkaloids1

Documented compounds35 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(+)-Boldine	present	NPASS
(+)-Isodomesticine	present	NPASS
(-)-Isopulegol	present	NPASS
(-)-Linalool	present	NPASS
(2R)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one	present	NPASS
(L)-alpha-terpineol	present	NPASS
(R)-Citronellal	present	NPASS
(R)-Limonene	present	NPASS
(S)-Isocorydine	present	NPASS
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9,11-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphth(2,1-f)isoquinoline-8,12-diol	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcoding2 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum scabrum has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens2

Marker genes2

eDNA detections2

Countries1

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★ITS★ITS2

fungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB · TreeOfSex

The complete instruction manual Solanum scabrum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 72 n = 36

Ploidypolyploid inferred

Chromosome records72–722n range72median72mode3records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 723×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74

CCDB · slov-fl — Mikoláš V., 1991: Solanum scabrum Miller – lilek borůvkovitý, nový druh ve flóře Slovenska. - Biologia (Bratislava) 46/1: 31-36.

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Bhiravamurty, P. V. & P. Rethy. 1983. Taximetric studies of the Solanum nigrum L. complex. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49: 661–666.

CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — ZUTSHI, u., & B.L. KAUL. 1974. Meiotic studies in some exotic non- tuberous species of Solanum. Cytologia 39: 225-232.

n 243×CCDB · solan · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · TreeOfSex · plant

CCDB · solan

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4: 1–367.

TreeOfSex · plant — Goldblatt1979|edmonds1997|jaeger1985|edmonds1984 ↗

n 363×CCDB · solan · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl

CCDB · solan

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Ganapathi, A. & G. R. Rao. 1987. Cytogenetic relationship between Solanum scabrum Mill. and S. americanum Mill. Cytologia 52: 91–96.

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type595 records

Wild obs. + sensor148

Museum / vouchered317

Cultivated / captive66

Other64

Origin

Native2

Introduced31

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO1 216 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy66% within 1 km

≤100 m 55≤1 km 26≤10 km 35>10 km 6

122 georeferenced · 26 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor148

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy57% within 1 km

≤100 m 8≤1 km 16≤10 km 13>10 km 5

42 georeferenced · 275 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence317

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 1

1 georeferenced · 65 without coordinates

Open the mapnot free-living66

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions16 of 41 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Kew, GB	66
Kunming, CN	32
Saint Louis, US	21
South Kensington, GB	17
Paris, FR	15
Bronx, US	12
HNBlocation not on record	10
Changsha, CN	9
Moscow State Universitylocation not on record	5
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record	5
Museum Wasmannlocation not on record	5
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record	4
MeiseBGlocation not on record	4
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record	4
Santa Barbara, US	3
Plocation not on record	2
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record	2
Universidad de La Salle (La Salle)location not on record	2
Zhengzhou, CN	2
Beijing, CN	2
Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologialocation not on record	2
Llocation not on record	1
WTUlocation not on record	1
Riverside, US	1
CNF-UFHBlocation not on record	1
Yangling, CN	1
BRNUlocation not on record	1
LDlocation not on record	1
BMlocation not on record	1
LBVlocation not on record	1
Arusha, TZ	1
WAGlocation not on record	1
Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record	1
Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG)location not on record	1
Herbier National du Gabonlocation not on record	1
NLD037location not on record	1
ESP026location not on record	1
Auckland, NZ	1
Bangkok, TH	1
Dublin, IE	1
Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Scienceslocation not on record	1

41 institutions · 244 of 317 vouchered records shown · 72 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA2 detections

Where the DNA of Solanum scabrum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found2

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 2 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median18.8 °C 18.8–18.8

Seasonal swing summer↔winter15.6 °C

Max temp (day)26.6 °C

Min temp (night)11.7 °C

Precipitation34.5 mm/mo

Air humidity48.3 %

Moisture balance-98.6 mm/mo

Vapour deficit1,186 Pa

Wind speed2.90 m/s

Cloud cover16.3 %

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 1 detection point · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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