Solanum robustum
H.Wendl. · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Solanum robustum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility544 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics2 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Solanum robustum, the shrubby nightshade, is a thorny perennial shrub native to northeastern South America of the genus Solanum and is therefore related to the potato and tomato plants. A medium shrub, the plant may grow 4 to 8 feet (1.2 – 2.4 m) with velvety leaves and stems due to dense stellate trichomes present on all faces of the plant. Strong, straight or recurved flattened prickles up to 12 millimeters long may be found along the stems. The leaves grow 6 to 10 inches long and feature nine angled ridges along their perimeter. S. robustum blooms between late spring and mid fall with small clusters of white to yellow-white star shaped inflorescence followed by white or yellowish marble sized berries. S. robustum contains various tropane alkaloids in its leaves, fruit and stems and therefore should not be consumed.Solanum Robustum, Forest Starr, Kim Starr, Lloyd Loope, United States Geological Survey—Biological Resources Division, April 2003.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Life cycle & reproduction2
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment9
Compounds documented for Solanum robustum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile1 class
Documented compounds15 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-1'-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-1'-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-1'-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2S,3'S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,6'-piperidine]-3'-yl] acetate | present | LOTUS | |
| alpha-Solasonine | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum robustum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Solanum robustum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 245×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +2
n 125×CCDB · solan · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +1
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type544 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions25 of 65 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Saint Louis, US | 69 |
| Bronx, US | 62 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 23 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 22 |
| Córdoba, AR | 19 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 18 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 13 |
| Chicago, US | 13 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 12 |
| Corrientes, AR | 12 |
| San Isidro, AR | 11 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 9 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 9 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 9 |
| South Kensington, GB | 8 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 8 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 8 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 8 |
| TAFORI-LSRClocation not on record | 6 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 5 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 5 |
| Kew, GB | 4 |
| LDlocation not on record | 3 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 3 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 2 |
| Brasília, BR | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 2 |
| Santarém, BR | 2 |
| Paris, FR | 2 |
| INTAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Blumenau, BR | 2 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| MAlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFSJlocation not on record | 1 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Baroda, IN | 1 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 1 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 1 |
| University of Nevada, Museum of Biologylocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 1 |
| UNISANTAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 1 |
| Masindi, UG | 1 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 1 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
| Arusha, TZ | 1 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 1 |
| ESALQlocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Solanum robustum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.