Solanum physalifolium, known as hoe nightshade, Argentine nightshade, green nightshade and hairy nightshade, is a species in the family Solanaceae (the nightshade family). Native to Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, it is widely naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, western Canada and the north western United States. Solanum physalifolium has been widely but incorrectly known as Solanum sarrachoides, a different species. It has been listed as a noxious weed in the US states of Kansas and Michigan under this misapplied name. Two varieties have been recognized: Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum (Bitter) Edmonds, syn. S. nitidibaccatum Bitter Solanum physalifolium var. physalifolium
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum physalifolium has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens18
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections10
Countries4
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK2★rbcL3★rbcLa★ITS5★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex
The complete instruction manualSolanum physalifolium carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin3.79 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type1 507 records
Wild obs. + sensor831
Museum / vouchered547
Cultivated / captive2
Other127
Origin
Introduced9
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 740 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy13% within 1 km
≤100 m 39≤1 km 55≤10 km 650>10 km 3
747 georeferenced · 84 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor831
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy67% within 1 km
≤100 m 50≤1 km 63≤10 km 52>10 km 3
168 georeferenced · 379 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence547
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 2 records without
Open the mapnot free-living2
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions63 of 99 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
LDlocation not on record
62
Denver, US
28
WTUlocation not on record
21
Chadron, US
19
Bronx, US
18
Olocation not on record
17
Görlitz, DE
17
Albuquerque, US
15
MAlocation not on record
15
Saint Louis, US
13
Flagstaff, US
12
Berlin, DE
11
Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record
11
Nijmegen, NL
10
IDElocation not on record
9
Victoria, CA
8
Missoula, US
7
MeiseBGlocation not on record
6
Kew, GB
6
Salamanca, ES
6
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
6
DBF-NHMDlocation not on record
6
Madison, US
5
Chicago, US
5
South Kensington, GB
5
Oskarshamn, SE
4
Portland, US
4
BRNUlocation not on record
4
Saint John, CA
4
ASUlocation not on record
4
San Luis Obispo, US
3
Bando, JP
3
John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
3
Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record
3
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
3
Fulda, DE
2
PRClocation not on record
2
Vitoria, ES
2
Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record
2
Edmonton, CA
2
Cusco, PE
2
McWane Science Centerlocation not on record
2
Lausanne, CH
2
BDBClocation not on record
2
GJOlocation not on record
2
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
2
Acadia Universitylocation not on record
2
Arequipa, PE
2
Barcelona, ES
2
Granada, ES
2
Boise, US
2
Mlocation not on record
2
Corvallis, US
2
Knoxville, US
1
DOI/NPS, San Juan Island National Historical Parklocation not on record
1
Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record
1
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
1
Norfolk, US
1
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record
1
Christchurch, NZ
1
University of Oxfordlocation not on record
1
Pullman, US
1
Phoenix, US
1
Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record
1
Dresden, DE
1
Columbus State Universitylocation not on record
1
València, ES
1
Wellington, NZ
1
HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record
1
Sucre, BO
1
San Angelo, US
1
Tacoma, US
1
Trondheim, NO
1
Spearfish, US
1
Ann Arbor, US
1
Logan, US
1
Bloomington, US
1
Pamplona, ES
1
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
1
Tilburg, NL
1
Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record
1
KMNlocation not on record
1
Austin, US
1
Taipei, TW
1
Uppsala, SE
1
La Paz, BO
1
Durham, US
1
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO
1
DULlocation not on record
1
Pocatello, US
1
Northridge, US
1
Provo, US
1
Lincoln, US
1
Umeå Universitylocation not on record
1
Minia, EG
1
Paris, FR
1
Cochabamba, BO
1
Toronto, CA
1
Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record
1
99 institutions · 455 of 547 vouchered records shown · 92 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA10 detections
Where the DNA of Solanum physalifolium was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found10
Studies independent surveys1
Countries2
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 10 detections have coordinates
Open the map2 countries0
In young tree planting.Roadside in riparian forestJardin.
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median15.3 °C 8.80–20.6
Seasonal swing summer↔winter15.3 °C
Max temp (day)19.1 °C 12.3–25.9
Min temp (night)11.4 °C 5.30–15.3
Precipitation74.0 mm/mo 70.3–81.1
Air humidity61.5 % 57.8–63.0
Moisture balance-29.1 mm/mo -63.3–5.90
Vapour deficit668 Pa 435–1,041
Wind speed4.80 m/s 2.90–5.10
Cloud cover40.8 % 36.8–46.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 4 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility1 507 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI10 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics18 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗