Solanum lycocarpum
A.St.-Hil. · speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Solanum lycocarpum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility2 012 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI1 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics1 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Solanum lycocarpum, or wolf apple, is common in the Brazilian savanna, the Cerrado ecoregion. The plant is called lobeira ("wolf's plant") or fruta-do-lobo ("wolf's fruit") in Portuguese. The name "wolf apple" comes from the fact that they account for more than 50% of the maned wolf's diet. Likewise, the scientific name "lycocarpum" is formed from Latinized Greek elements "lyco-", meaning "wolf", and "carpum" meaning "fruit".
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology5
Life cycle & reproduction3
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment9
Physiology & chemistry1
Compounds documented for Solanum lycocarpum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds28 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6S,6'R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6S,6'R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-10-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6S,6'R,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13R,16S)-6',10-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| 9-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy]-4-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one | present | NPASS | |
| [(3S)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-[[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]-6-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl] (2S,3S)-2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate | present | NPASS | |
| [14C]metformin | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum lycocarpum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Solanum lycocarpum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 245×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · TreeOfSex · plant
n 124×CCDB · solan · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · TreeOfSex · plant
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type2 012 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions35 of 105 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| UNESP-ISlocation not on record | 97 |
| Bronx, US | 94 |
| Brasília, BR | 82 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 73 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 62 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 60 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 52 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 46 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 44 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 33 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 32 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 32 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 31 |
| Chicago, US | 30 |
| Saint Louis, US | 26 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 23 |
| Brasília, BR | 23 |
| FUNEDlocation not on record | 22 |
| Ural Federal University "B. N. Yeltsin"location not on record | 20 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 19 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 17 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 16 |
| Jataí / Setor Industrial, BR | 15 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 12 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 12 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 11 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 11 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 11 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 10 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 10 |
| South Kensington, GB | 10 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 10 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 9 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 9 |
| Kew, GB | 8 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 7 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 6 |
| UEGlocation not on record | 6 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 6 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 6 |
| Salvador, BR | 5 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 5 |
| Londrina, BR | 5 |
| Paris, FR | 4 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 4 |
| UFSJlocation not on record | 4 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 4 |
| FPMZBlocation not on record | 4 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 4 |
| Corrientes, AR | 4 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 4 |
| Masindi, UG | 4 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreallocation not on record | 3 |
| UFSCarlocation not on record | 3 |
| US | 3 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 3 |
| INMAlocation not on record | 3 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahialocation not on record | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 2 |
| San Isidro, AR | 2 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 2 |
| Santarém, BR | 2 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 2 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| UTFPR-SLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 2 |
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| Seropédica, BR | 1 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 1 |
| REALlocation not on record | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 1 |
| UERJlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cascavel, BR | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAVlocation not on record | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 1 |
| JBPlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNISANTAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFABClocation not on record | 1 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 1 |
| Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESP-IBILCElocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 1 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| BMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 1 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 1 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 1 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
Where the DNA of Solanum lycocarpum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.