Solanum carolinense
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records46 709
Data sources12
Biological traits37
DNA specimens30
eDNA detections19
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Solanum carolinense's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility46 709 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI19 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics30 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗On this page7 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements3 literature sources37 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS6 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF46 709 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 4 countries19 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD30 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex2n = 24
01Narrative
Solanum carolinense est une espèce de plantes herbacées du genre Solanum de la famille de Solanaceae, originaire des États-Unis. Cette plante est un des hôtes secondaires du doryphore de la pomme de terre.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesWCVPGIFTTRY
Size & morphology17
Fruit length12 mm
Fruit width12 mm
Leaf length max73 mm
Leaf width35 mm
Leaf width max35 mm
Leaf width min35 mm
Plant height0.541 m
Plant height max1 m
Seed mass2.2 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 2.2 mg · GIFT: 2.44 mg
Seed mass max2.44 mg
Seed mass min2.44 mg
Seed volume2.3 mm³
Seed volume max2.3 mm³
Seed volume min2.3 mm³
Seed width2 mm
Seed width max2 mm
Seed width min2 mm
Life cycle & reproduction6
Dispersal typeanimal
Flowering endOct
Flowering startMay
Life formperennial or subshrub
Life spanperennial
Reproduction asexualpresent
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment8
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit fleshinessfleshy
Growth formherb
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: herb · TRY: Subshrub, Forb/herb
Habitat GIFTÁrea Antrópica
Woodinessnon-woody
⚠ sources differ — TRY: non-woody · GIFT: variable
Physiology & chemistry5
Leaf C:N ratio18.74 g/g
Leaf c436 mg/g
Leaf n23.41 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Specific leaf area (SLA)14.99 mm²/mg
03Chemical composition6 compounds
Compounds documented for Solanum carolinense across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile3 classes
Steroidal alkaloids4
Estrane steroids1
Polyamines1
Documented compounds6 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-6-[(1S,10R,11S,14R,15S)-11,14-dihydroxy-15-methyl-5-tricyclo[8.7.0.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-trienyl]-2-[(2S,3S,4S,6S)-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| Solamargine | present | LOTUS | |
| Solamine | present | LOTUS | |
| Solasodine | present | LOTUS | |
| Solasonine | present | LOTUS |
05DNA & barcoding30 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum carolinense has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens30
Marker genes6
eDNA detections19
Countries5
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS★ITS2trnH-psbA
plant barcodefungal barcodemarker
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex
The complete instruction manual Solanum carolinense carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 24 n = 12
Ploidydiploid inferred
Chromosome records24–482n range24median24mode5records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 244×GoaT · Tree of Sex Database · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · iapt +1
2n 481×CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — ZUTSHI, u., & B.L. KAUL. 1974. Meiotic studies in some exotic non- tuberous species of Solanum. Cytologia 39: 225-232.
n 127×CCDB · solan · CCDB · book-ipcn65 · CCDB · book-ipcn72 +2
CCDB · solan
CCDB · book-ipcn65 — J. L. Rogers 1965
CCDB · book-ipcn72 — HARDIN, J.W., G. DOERKSEN, D. HERNDON, M. HOBSON, & F. THOMAS. 1972. Pollination ecology and floral biology of four weedy genera in southern Oklahoma. Southw. Naturalist 16: 403-412.
CCDB · Cave1956supp — Heiser 1953
TreeOfSex · plant — darcy1974|jepson1993 ↗
n 241×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Faasen & Nadeau 1976
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type46 709 records
Wild obs. + sensor43 388
Museum / vouchered3 209
Other112
Origin
Native2
Introduced3
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO102 360 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy89% within 1 km
≤100 m 27 466≤1 km 4 239≤10 km 1 727>10 km 2 280
35 712 georeferenced · 7 676 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor43 388
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy39% within 1 km
≤100 m 148≤1 km 458≤10 km 758>10 km 186
1 550 georeferenced · 1 659 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence3 209
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions132 of 209 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Bronx, US | 272 |
| Philadelphia, US | 241 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 205 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 205 |
| Oregon State Universitylocation not on record | 141 |
| Chicago, US | 124 |
| Odawara, JP | 94 |
| Bangkok, TH | 64 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 63 |
| College Park, US | 61 |
| Williamsburg, US | 54 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 52 |
| Chiba, JP | 48 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 39 |
| Madison, US | 39 |
| Saint Louis, US | 38 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 37 |
| Fayetteville, US | 35 |
| Bando, JP | 35 |
| Nagano City, JP | 35 |
| Jackson, US | 34 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 34 |
| New Haven, US | 31 |
| US | 28 |
| Columbia, US | 27 |
| Allentown, US | 26 |
| Austin, US | 24 |
| Shinshu Universitylocation not on record | 23 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 23 |
| Norfolk, US | 22 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 22 |
| Pittsburg, US | 21 |
| Tampa, US | 19 |
| Millersville, US | 19 |
| Knoxville, US | 18 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 18 |
| Sanda, JP | 18 |
| Fort Worth, US | 18 |
| Pullman, US | 16 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 16 |
| Dekalb, US | 15 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 15 |
| Hiratsuka City Museumlocation not on record | 15 |
| University of Wisconsinlocation not on record | 15 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 15 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 14 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 13 |
| Toyama, JP | 13 |
| Clemson, US | 13 |
| Flagstaff, US | 13 |
| Staten Island, US | 12 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 12 |
| Kochi, JP | 12 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 12 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 11 |
| Chadron, US | 11 |
| Denton, US | 11 |
| Washington, US | 10 |
| Davenport, US | 10 |
| New Brunswick, US | 10 |
| Miami, US | 10 |
| Tokushima, JP | 9 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 9 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 9 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 9 |
| Mississippi State, US | 8 |
| Philadelphia, US | 8 |
| KOMlocation not on record | 8 |
| Tomioka, JP | 8 |
| Whitewater, US | 8 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Otaru, JP | 7 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 7 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 7 |
| Akita Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 7 |
| Dover, US | 7 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 7 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 7 |
| Little Rock, US | 7 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 6 |
| Auckland, NZ | 6 |
| GAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Provo, US | 6 |
| Lincoln, US | 6 |
| Mount Berry, US | 6 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 6 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| US | 6 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 5 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 5 |
| Northridge, US | 5 |
| IDElocation not on record | 5 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 5 |
| Johnson City, US | 5 |
| Minia, EG | 5 |
| South Kensington, GB | 5 |
| EL PASO, US | 5 |
| Davis, US | 5 |
| Richmond, US | 5 |
| Brussel, BE | 5 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 5 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 4 |
| Osaka, JP | 4 |
| Conway, US | 4 |
| Burlington, US | 4 |
| Kingston, US | 4 |
| JP | 4 |
| San Angelo, US | 4 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 4 |
| Asheville, US | 4 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 4 |
| GB | 4 |
| Fairfax, US | 4 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record | 3 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Phoenix, US | 3 |
| Corvallis, US | 3 |
| Sendai, JP | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| Chicago, US | 3 |
| Hudson, US | 2 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 2 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| St. Paul, US | 2 |
| Claremont, US | 2 |
| Bloomington, US | 2 |
| Portland, US | 2 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Durango, MX | 2 |
| Macomb, US | 2 |
| Kawasaki Shi Tama Ku, JP | 2 |
| MAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Long Beach, US | 2 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Smithsonian Institutionlocation not on record | 2 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 2 |
| Wlocation not on record | 2 |
| Alicante, ES | 2 |
| Beijing, CN | 2 |
| Moscow, US | 2 |
| Olocation not on record | 2 |
| Omachi Alpine Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Columbus State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 2 |
| Green Bay, US | 2 |
| Tempe, US | 2 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 2 |
| Conway, US | 2 |
| València, ES | 2 |
| Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Ishikawa Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 2 |
| Due West, US | 2 |
| Edmonton, CA | 2 |
| Hamilton, US | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Appalachian State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| Granada, ES | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| Barcelona, ES | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| Caldwell, US | 1 |
| Nishihara, JP | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Jurica-Suchy Nature Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Québec, CA | 1 |
| Victoria, CA | 1 |
| Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record | 1 |
| Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Pamplona, ES | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| Denver, US | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Western Carolina Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| KR | 1 |
| Görlitz, DE | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Bergen, NO | 1 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum Of Natural And Environmental History, Shizuokalocation not on record | 1 |
| Vitoria, ES | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| KIRMlocation not on record | 1 |
209 institutions · 3 059 of 3 209 vouchered records shown · 144 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA19 detections
Where the DNA of Solanum carolinense was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found19
Studies independent surveys1
Countries4
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 19 detections have coordinates
Open the map4 countries0
Rocks. Most shaded hillside.On S side of untended ornamental planting of…Open prairie and disturbed habitats.
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median22.0 °C 12.5–23.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter25.0 °C
Max temp (day)26.6 °C 18.4–28.5
Min temp (night)16.9 °C 8.20–18.9
Precipitation87.5 mm/mo 79.6–102
Air humidity57.3 % 56.5–59.9
Moisture balance-56.0 mm/mo -73.6–-38.4
Vapour deficit1,092 Pa 733–1,262
Wind speed3.30 m/s 2.20–5.80
Cloud cover36.7 % 31.5–39.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 14 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.