Solanum atropurpureum, commonly known as malevolence, purple devil and the five-minute plant, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Brazil. S. atropurpureum contains various toxic tropane alkaloids in its fruit, stems, and leaves, and should not be ingested. The plant is a small shrub growing 1.2 to 1.8 meters in height and 90 to 120 cm in width with ovate, spade shaped leaves 5 to 10 cm long when fully grown. It blooms yellow to white flowers in the late spring to mid summer, and produces small (1–2 cm wide) orange fruit. The fruit's juices can be irritating to the touch, so it is recommended that gloves be used when removing or handling. The plant is characterized by its purple stems, which are completely covered by striking purple and green thorns about 2 cm long, from which its common names are ostensibly derived. The plant is short lived with a 3 to 5-year lifespan. The plant can be grown ornamentally, requiring full sun and modest water. The plant is known to grow in a wide variety of soils and can resist temperatures as low as -10 C for a few days. Seeds can be harvested from the fruits, and stem cuttings can be used to grow the plant in about 10 to 20 days. It is also known as a natural reservoir of the potato virus X.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Solanum atropurpureum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens2
Marker genes3
GenBank sequences4
eDNA detections2
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK2★ITS2★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT · TreeOfSex
The complete instruction manualSolanum atropurpureum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size1 075 800 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Solanum atropurpureum1.08 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Acosta. 2005. Karyotype analysis in several South American species of Solanum and Lycianthes rantonnei (Solanaceae). Taxon 54(3): 713–723.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — GERASIMENKO, I.I., & S.A. REZNIKOVA. 1968. A cytological investigation of the genus Solanum L. (In Russian) Bot. Zurn. 53: 505-513.
CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — GADELLA, Th.W.J., E. KLIPHUIS, J.C. LINDEMAN, & E.A. MENNEGA. 1969. Chromosome numbers and seedling morphology of some Angiospermae collected in Brazil. Acta Bot. Neerl. 18: 74-83.
CCDB · kew — Bennett MD, Smith JB. 1991. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 334: 309-345.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin0.51 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type686 records
Wild obs. + sensor137
Museum / vouchered516
Other33
Origin
Native142
Introduced10
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO1 372 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy83% within 1 km
≤100 m 45≤1 km 22≤10 km 12>10 km 2
81 georeferenced · 56 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor137
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy34% within 1 km
≤1 km 11≤10 km 12>10 km 9
32 georeferenced · 484 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence516
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions24 of 69 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Porto Alegre, BR
62
Bronx, US
54
Córdoba, AR
47
Saint Louis, US
44
UTFPR-CPlocation not on record
26
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record
25
San Isidro, AR
24
Campo Mourão, BR
17
Corrientes, AR
17
UFMGlocation not on record
15
Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record
14
Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record
13
Chicago, US
13
FUVATESlocation not on record
9
Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record
8
Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record
8
Blumenau, BR
8
LDlocation not on record
7
Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record
7
Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record
7
Stockholm, SE
5
PUC-RSlocation not on record
5
South Kensington, GB
4
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
4
Ivano-Frankivsk, UA
4
UTFPR-SLlocation not on record
3
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record
3
Kew, GB
3
Londrina, BR
3
BMlocation not on record
3
Criciúma, BR
3
HUAlocation not on record
3
Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record
2
UNESP-FCAlocation not on record
2
UNESClocation not on record
2
MAlocation not on record
2
UNICAMPlocation not on record
2
UFPRlocation not on record
2
Foz do Iguaçu, BR
2
Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record
2
Bloomington, US
2
Lake Charles, US
2
JBRJlocation not on record
2
CJBGlocation not on record
1
University of Nevada, Museum of Biologylocation not on record
1
Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record
1
Paris, FR
1
Adelaide, AU
1
GJOlocation not on record
1
UEMlocation not on record
1
Universidad Nacional de Misiones- CONICETlocation not on record
1
Oskarshamn, SE
1
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
1
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarinalocation not on record
1
Universidade da Região de Joinville - Univillelocation not on record
1
ASUlocation not on record
1
UFMSlocation not on record
1
IPA/SPlocation not on record
1
USP-IBlocation not on record
1
INTAlocation not on record
1
Universität Göttingenlocation not on record
1
Cochabamba, BO
1
UNIVILLElocation not on record
1
INMAlocation not on record
1
UEPAlocation not on record
1
UFSClocation not on record
1
Columbia, US
1
Santarém, BR
1
College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record
1
69 institutions · 516 of 516 vouchered records shown
09Environmental DNA2 detections
Where the DNA of Solanum atropurpureum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found2
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 2 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.