Smyrnium olusatrum
speciesAt a glance
Sources16 archives
Databases and archives Smyrnium olusatrum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility66 857 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System2 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI9 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics17 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
A typical petiole (photographed in Morocco) Smyrnium olusatrum, common name alexanders (or alisander) is an edible flowering plant of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), which grows on waste ground and in hedges around the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal regions of Europe. It was formerly widely grown as a pot herb, but is now appreciated mostly by foragers.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology16
Life cycle & reproduction10
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment10
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits4
Compounds documented for Smyrnium olusatrum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds41 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1R,6E,10S)-1,7-dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidene-11-oxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-6-en-3-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,6Z,10S)-1,7-dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidene-11-oxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-6-en-3-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2E,4E,8E,10Z,14Z)-N-(2-methylpropyl)octadeca-2,4,8,10,14-pentaen-12-ynamide | present | NPASS | |
| (2R,3R,5R,8S,10S,12S)-2-hydroxy-5,10,15-trimethyl-4,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.08,10]pentadec-1(15)-en-14-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (2R,3S,5R,8R,10S,12R)-2-hydroxy-5,10,15-trimethyl-4,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.08,10]pentadec-1(15)-en-14-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,5R,7S,9S)-3,9,13-trimethyl-4,8,15-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.07,9]pentadeca-1(12),13-diene | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,5R,8S,10S,12S)-12-hydroxy-5,10,15-trimethyl-4,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.08,10]pentadec-1(15)-en-14-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,5R,8S,10S,12S)-5,10,15-trimethyl-4,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.08,10]pentadec-1(15)-en-14-one | present | LOTUS | |
| (3S,5R,8R,10S)-5,10,15-trimethyl-4,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.08,10]pentadeca-1(12),14-diene | present | LOTUS | |
| (3S,5R,8R,10S,12S)-12-hydroxy-5,10,15-trimethyl-4,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.03,5.08,10]pentadec-1(15)-en-14-one | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Smyrnium olusatrum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Smyrnium olusatrum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 2222×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · iapt · CCDB · brit-fl +9
n 117×CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type66 859 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions38 of 78 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 164 |
| MAlocation not on record | 61 |
| LDlocation not on record | 54 |
| València, ES | 36 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 36 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 25 |
| BClocation not on record | 24 |
| Barcelona, ES | 22 |
| South Kensington, GB | 21 |
| Badajoz, ES | 19 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 18 |
| Salamanca, ES | 18 |
| Wlocation not on record | 17 |
| Berlin, DE | 17 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 16 |
| Vitoria, ES | 15 |
| Madrid, ES | 15 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 15 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 14 |
| Alicante, ES | 11 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 11 |
| Wellington, NZ | 11 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 10 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 10 |
| Paris, FR | 9 |
| Auckland, NZ | 9 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 8 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 8 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 8 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 8 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 8 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Granada, ES | 7 |
| Jaén, ES | 7 |
| Córdoba, ES | 6 |
| Rishon Le Zion, IL | 6 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 6 |
| Adelaide, AU | 5 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 5 |
| Bourges, FR | 5 |
| Sevilla, ES | 4 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 4 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 3 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 3 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 3 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Görlitz, DE | 2 |
| DASSHlocation not on record | 2 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 2 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| Vancouver, CA | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Namur, BE | 1 |
| SNSNMClocation not on record | 1 |
| Coimbra, PT | 1 |
| NMWlocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint Louis, US | 1 |
| Monastir, TN | 1 |
| Arequipa, PE | 1 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Oulu, FI | 1 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Hunan Geological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| CIBIOlocation not on record | 1 |
| Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resourceslocation not on record | 1 |
| National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinarian Research, Portugallocation not on record | 1 |
| Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Canberra, AU | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Clemson, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Smyrnium olusatrum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.