Silphium perfoliatum
speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Silphium perfoliatum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation8 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility18 871 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI7 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics13 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Silphium perfoliatum, the cup plant or cup-plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern and central North America. It is an erect herbaceous perennial with triangular toothed leaves, and daisy-like yellow composite flower heads in summer. The specific epithet perfoliatum means "through the leaf." There are two varieties:- Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum Silphium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology6
Life cycle & reproduction21
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment22
Physiology & chemistry14
Uses & economy11
Other traits3
Compounds documented for Silphium perfoliatum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds72 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-4-epi-Alismoxide | present | LOTUS | |
| (+)-delta-Selinene | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-5-Silphiperfolene | present | LOTUS | |
| (-)-Isocomene | present | LOTUS | |
| (1E,6R,7R)-7-tert-butyl-1,6-dimethyl-5-methylidenecyclononene | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3aR,8aS)-1-methyl-4-methylidene-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,3a,5,6,8a-hexahydroazulen-1-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,3aS,4R,8aR)-1,4-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-azulen-1-ol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1R,5R,8R,9S)-2,3,5,9-tetramethyltricyclo[6.3.0.01,5]undec-2-ene | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2S,5R,8R)-2,5,8-trimethyl-6-methylidenetricyclo[6.3.0.01,5]undecane | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,3aR,5aS,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13bS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13b-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Silphium perfoliatum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Silphium perfoliatum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1414×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · eflora +2
2n 161×CCDB · book-fedorov
n 74×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · Cave1962
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type18 871 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions71 of 105 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Philadelphia, US | 36 |
| Saint Louis, US | 35 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 30 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 17 |
| Bronx, US | 16 |
| Chicago, US | 14 |
| New Haven, US | 14 |
| Jackson, US | 12 |
| Pittsburg, US | 12 |
| Madison, US | 11 |
| 河南豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区location not on record | 11 |
| Staten Island, US | 10 |
| Allentown, US | 10 |
| Dekalb, US | 10 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 10 |
| Lincoln, US | 9 |
| Longwood Universitylocation not on record | 8 |
| Burlington, US | 8 |
| Görlitz, DE | 8 |
| Emporia, US | 8 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 7 |
| Fayetteville, US | 7 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 7 |
| Bangkok, TH | 6 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 6 |
| Davenport, US | 6 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 6 |
| Chicago, US | 6 |
| Macomb, US | 5 |
| LDlocation not on record | 5 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 5 |
| Springfield, US | 5 |
| Wlocation not on record | 5 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 4 |
| Phoenix, US | 4 |
| US | 4 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 4 |
| Toronto, CA | 4 |
| Millersville, US | 4 |
| Jefferson City, US | 3 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 3 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 3 |
| GB | 3 |
| Kirksville, US | 3 |
| Beijing, CN | 3 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 2 |
| Davis, US | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| Oulu, FI | 2 |
| Chadron, US | 2 |
| Williamsburg, US | 2 |
| Whitewater, US | 2 |
| Fort Worth, US | 2 |
| Claremont, US | 2 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 2 |
| Minia, EG | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| València, ES | 2 |
| New Brunswick, US | 2 |
| Green Bay, US | 2 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| Waverly, US | 2 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 2 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Northridge, US | 2 |
| Clemson, US | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| Hamilton, US | 1 |
| Saint John, CA | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of South Carolina Salkehatchielocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record | 1 |
| Hudson, US | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| H-Meierottlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 1 |
| Flagstaff, US | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| Moscow, US | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Orto botanico dell'Università degli Studi di Catanialocation not on record | 1 |
| Salzburg, AT | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Knoxville, US | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Québec, CA | 1 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 1 |
| St. Paul, US | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Silphium perfoliatum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.