Setaria verticillata
(L.) P.Beauv. · speciesAt a glance
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Setaria verticillata's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility46 522 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI26 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics63 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
giftgenome & karyotype
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Setaria verticillata is a species of grass known by the common names hooked bristlegrass, rough bristle-grass and bristly foxtail. It is native to Europe, but it is known on most continents as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. It is a hardy bunchgrass which grows in many types of urban, cultivated, and disturbed habitat. It is a weed of many types of agricultural crops, growing in vineyards and fields. Herbicide-resistant strains have been noted.ISSG Database This is an annual grass with decumbent or erect stems growing up to a meter long. The leaf blades are up to 25 centimeters long and have a long sheath around the stem. The inflorescence is a dense panicle up to 15 centimeters long which tapers at both ends. It contains many small spikelets and bristles. The bristles have tiny backwards-pointing barbs that help them hook onto clothing or animal fur, facilitating their dispersal. Seeds of the grass are used to make beer in South Africa and porridge in Namibia. They have been used as a famine food in India.Purdue: Famine Foods
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology22
Life cycle & reproduction17
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment15
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits1
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Setaria verticillata has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Setaria verticillata carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3625×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · iapt · CCDB · fl-europaea +8
2n 1822×CCDB · iapt · CCDB · iber-fl · CCDB · fl-europaea +7
2n 545×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 · CCDB · Cave1959 +2
2n 272×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
2n 201×GIFT · GIFT (floras)
2n 631×CCDB · book-ipcn66
n 2716×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn72 · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 +2
n 910×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 187×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · Cave1962 · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 362×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
n 542×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
diploid1×GIFT · GIFT (floras)
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type46 522 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions173 of 314 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 298 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 248 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 210 |
| Berlin, DE | 151 |
| TAIElocation not on record | 147 |
| Adelaide, AU | 141 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 90 |
| Kensington, AU | 88 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 82 |
| International Salmonella Centre (W.H.O.)location not on record | 80 |
| LDlocation not on record | 76 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 73 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 71 |
| Brussel, BE | 70 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 68 |
| Honolulu, US | 64 |
| Kew, GB | 61 |
| Barcelona, ES | 61 |
| Canberra, AU | 59 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 59 |
| Saint Louis, US | 57 |
| Brisbane, AU | 54 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 52 |
| Córdoba, AR | 52 |
| Bronx, US | 52 |
| Allentown, US | 49 |
| València, ES | 45 |
| Olocation not on record | 45 |
| Nishihara, JP | 43 |
| Auckland, NZ | 41 |
| Bern, CH | 38 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 36 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 36 |
| Philadelphia, US | 35 |
| San Isidro, AR | 33 |
| Uppsala, SE | 33 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 33 |
| Zürich, CH | 32 |
| BClocation not on record | 30 |
| Hobart, AU | 27 |
| Madison, US | 27 |
| South Kensington, GB | 27 |
| Taipei, TW | 26 |
| Xiamen, CN | 26 |
| Davis, US | 26 |
| Mlocation not on record | 25 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 25 |
| Zürich, CH | 25 |
| Fundación Miguel Lillolocation not on record | 25 |
| MAlocation not on record | 24 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 23 |
| Durban, ZA | 22 |
| Helsinki, FI | 22 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 21 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 21 |
| Bloomington, US | 21 |
| Durango, MX | 20 |
| Sanda, JP | 20 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 20 |
| Québec, CA | 20 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 19 |
| Palmerston, AU | 19 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 19 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 19 |
| Wlocation not on record | 18 |
| St. Paul, US | 18 |
| Görlitz, DE | 18 |
| New Haven, US | 17 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 17 |
| Salzburg, AT | 17 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 17 |
| Odawara, JP | 16 |
| Paris, FR | 16 |
| Vitoria, ES | 16 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 15 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 14 |
| Dresden, DE | 14 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 14 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 14 |
| Chadron, US | 14 |
| Taipei, TW | 14 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 14 |
| Baroda, IN | 13 |
| Salamanca, ES | 13 |
| Riverside, US | 12 |
| Claremont, US | 12 |
| Denver, US | 12 |
| Flagstaff, US | 12 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 11 |
| Spearfish, US | 11 |
| KMCClocation not on record | 11 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 10 |
| Nishihara, JP | 10 |
| Logan, US | 10 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 10 |
| HNBlocation not on record | 10 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 10 |
| WAGlocation not on record | 10 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 10 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 10 |
| BISHlocation not on record | 9 |
| QAUlocation not on record | 9 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 9 |
| Vancouver, CA | 9 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 9 |
| LSF/FSA/UAClocation not on record | 9 |
| Wellington, NZ | 9 |
| Burlington, US | 8 |
| Badajoz, ES | 8 |
| Tampa, US | 8 |
| Staten Island, US | 8 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 8 |
| PRClocation not on record | 8 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 7 |
| Alicante, ES | 7 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 7 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 7 |
| Pondicherry, IN | 7 |
| Bozeman, US | 7 |
| EL PASO, US | 7 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 7 |
| Miami, US | 6 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 6 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 6 |
| Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, AR | 6 |
| Austin, US | 6 |
| Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 6 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 6 |
| Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI)location not on record | 6 |
| IDElocation not on record | 5 |
| Moscow, US | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 5 |
| Pamplona, ES | 5 |
| Armidale, AU | 5 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 5 |
| Nagano City, JP | 5 |
| Pullman, US | 5 |
| Dehra Dun, IN | 5 |
| QVMAGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Irvine, US | 5 |
| Taipei, TW | 5 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 5 |
| Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, United States National Herbariumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 4 |
| Guasave, MX | 4 |
| Lincoln, US | 4 |
| Universität Tübingenlocation not on record | 4 |
| Madrid, ES | 4 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Aarhus, DK | 4 |
| Corvallis, US | 4 |
| Toronto, CA | 4 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 4 |
| Universidad Nacional del Litorallocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Hargeisalocation not on record | 3 |
| Torreón, MX | 3 |
| UChlocation not on record | 3 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Haramaya Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 3 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 3 |
| Tokushima, JP | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 3 |
| Mexico City, MX | 3 |
| Castelar, AR | 3 |
| Ciudad Juárez, MX | 3 |
| Comisión Técnico Consultiva de Coeficientes de Agostaderolocation not on record | 3 |
| Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)location not on record | 3 |
| Northridge, US | 3 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 3 |
| Millersville, US | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 3 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 3 |
| CASlocation not on record | 3 |
| Chapingo, MX | 3 |
| Dekalb, US | 3 |
| Mexico City, MX | 3 |
| H-Adlerlocation not on record | 3 |
| Phoenix, US | 3 |
| Bourges, FR | 3 |
| BAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| EFGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Pamplona, ES | 3 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| ESP003location not on record | 2 |
| San Angelo, US | 2 |
| Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropicallocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 2 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 2 |
| Whitewater, US | 2 |
| Emporia, US | 2 |
| Tilburg, NL | 2 |
| Chicago, US | 2 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 2 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 2 |
| Fredericton Stock Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Montréal, CA | 2 |
| Addis Ababa, ET | 2 |
| Hamilton, US | 2 |
| Henderson, US | 2 |
| Philadelphia, US | 2 |
| Stroud Water Research Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 2 |
| Bend, US | 2 |
| Córdoba, ES | 2 |
| La Paz, MX | 2 |
| Ensenada, MX | 2 |
| US | 2 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 2 |
| Turlock, US | 2 |
| Parkville, AU | 2 |
| Brookings, US | 2 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 2 |
| ER Hellerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Weber State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Namur, BE | 2 |
| Universität Erlangen-Nürnberglocation not on record | 2 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Juriquilla, MX | 2 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 2 |
| Kochi, JP | 2 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 2 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 2 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fort Worth, US | 1 |
| Palmerston North, NZ | 1 |
| H-Diewaldlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-AkrKGlocation not on record | 1 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 1 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tartu, EE | 1 |
| Guatemala City, GT | 1 |
| Sevilla, ES | 1 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Lubbock, US | 1 |
| RJBJCIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dover, US | 1 |
| Los Angeles, US | 1 |
| Ciudad de México, MX | 1 |
| Pretoria National Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Victoria, CA | 1 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Washington, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 1 |
| San Jose, US | 1 |
| Montréal, CA | 1 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kushiro City Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Centre National des Semences Forestièreslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universite de Montpellierlocation not on record | 1 |
| LNBG$location not on record | 1 |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique / Institut de l'environnement et de recherches agricoleslocation not on record | 1 |
| New Brunswick, US | 1 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| DSMlocation not on record | 1 |
| Henderson State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint John, CA | 1 |
| Clocation not on record | 1 |
| National Range Agencylocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Naturallocation not on record | 1 |
| ROM007location not on record | 1 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Montecillo, Texcoco, MX | 1 |
| EAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Forssa, FI | 1 |
| Laboratory of Palaeontologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Stephenville, US | 1 |
| Glocation not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Oxfordlocation not on record | 1 |
| Eduardo Mondlane Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Loja, EC | 1 |
| Arusha, TZ | 1 |
| NCAAlocation not on record | 1 |
| San Diego, US | 1 |
| Arcata, US | 1 |
| Glarus, CH | 1 |
| BioFokuslocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 1 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| Turku, FI | 1 |
| Hazara Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Morelia, MX | 1 |
| Boise, US | 1 |
| Albuquerque, US | 1 |
| Bergen, NO | 1 |
| Trondheim, NO | 1 |
| Smithfield, AU | 1 |
| CNF-UFHBlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Johannesburg, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, Green Plant Herbarium (TRT)location not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Setaria verticillata was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.