Size & morphology16
Fruit length max230 mm
Fruit length min70 mm
Fruit width max6 mm
Fruit width min4 mm
Leaf length max38 mm
Leaf length min15 mm
Leaf width max18 mm
Leaf width min5 mm
Plant height0.61 m
Plant height max6 m
Plant height min2.5 m
Seed length max6 mm
Seed length min4 mm
Seed mass20.0 mg
Seed width max4 mm
Seed width min2 mm
Life cycle & reproduction26
Bloom periodIndeterminate
Coppice potentialNo
Deciduousnessevergreen
Dehiscenceindehiscent
Dispersal type detailedanthropochorous
Flower colourred
Flower conspicuousYes
Fruit seed period beginYear Round
Fruit seed period endYear Round
Growth rate USDAModerate
Life formshrub
Life spanperennial
Lifespan categoryModerate
Propagated by bare rootYes
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerYes
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedNo
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Resprout abilityYes
Seed spread rateSlow
Seedling vigorMedium
Vegetative spread rateNone
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment26
Active growth periodYear Round
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsNo
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
Aquaticterrestrial
BloatNone
Climateseasonally dry tropical
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage porosity summerModerate
Foliage porosity winterModerate
Foliage textureFine
Fruit colourbrown
Growth formshrub
Growth form USDASingle Stem
Hedge toleranceMedium
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionYes
Low growing grassNo
Mycorrhiza type0.0000000142
Root depth min18 in
Shape and orientationProstrate
Small grainNo
Succulenceno
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry20
Anaerobic toleranceNone
C:N ratioLow
Caco3 toleranceHigh
Cold stratification requiredNo
Drought toleranceHigh
Fertility requirementMedium
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceMedium
Frost free days min365 days
Moisture useMedium
Nitrogen fixation levelMedium
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Precipitation max40 in
Precipitation min20 in
Salinity toleranceHigh
Shade toleranceMedium
Soil pH max8 pH
Soil pH min6 pH
Specific leaf area (SLA)9.49 mm²/mg
Temperature min50 °F
Uses & economy13
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityRoutinely Available
Fodder productNo
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productYes
Palatable humanNo
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
Seeds per pound22 650 per lb
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits7
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed abundanceMedium
Fruit seed conspicuousYes
Fruit seed persistenceYes
Height at 20yr0.61 m
Planting density max1 600 per acre
Planting density min400 per acre