Senecio quadridentatus

Labill. · species

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Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Senecio

At a glance

Occurrence records25 501

Data sources10

Biological traits48

DNA specimens4

eDNA detections2

Sources10 archives

Databases and archives Senecio quadridentatus's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation3 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility25 501 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI2 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗

CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗

PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page7 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources48 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS2 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF25 501 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 2 countries2 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD4 specimens

Genome at a glanceCCDB2n = 40

01Narrative

Senecio quadridentatus is native to Australia and New Zealand. In New Zealand it is known by its Māori name pahokoraka or pekapeka. Senecio quadridentatus is an annual or perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is also known as Erechtites quadridentata Labill by the synonyms.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesGIFTAusTraitsTRY

Size & morphology21

Fruit length2.75 mm

Leaf length90 mm

Leaf length max120 mm

Leaf length min50 mm

Leaf mass per area41.93 g/m2

Leaf size471 mm²

Leaf width4.5 mm

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 4.5 mm · GIFT: 4 mm

Leaf width max5 mm

Leaf width min2 mm

Plant height0.4 m

⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 0.4 m · AusTraits: 1 m · TRY: 0.75 m

Plant height max1 m

Plant height min0.2 m

Seed length2.5 mm

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 2.5 mm · GIFT: 3 mm

Seed length max3 mm

Seed length min3 mm

Seed mass0.146 mg

⚠ sources differ — TRY: 0.146 mg · AusTraits: 0.173 mg · GIFT: 0.14 mg

Seed mass max0.14 mg

Seed mass min0.14 mg

Seed width1.5 mm

⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 1.5 mm · GIFT: 0.4 mm

Seed width max0.4 mm

Seed width min0.4 mm

Life cycle & reproduction13

Deciduousnessvariable

Dehiscenceindehiscent

Dispersal typewind

Flowering timennnnnnnnyyyn

Life spanperennial < 20 years

⚠ sources differ — TRY: perennial < 20 years · AusTraits: perennial · GIFT: perennial

Lifespan years2 years

Pollination modebiotic

Pollination syndromeinsect

Raunkiær life formchamaephyte

Reproduction asexualabsent

Reproductive maturity1 years

Resprouting capacityfire_killed

Sex typehermaphrodite+monoecious

Diet & foraging1

Parasiteindependent

Habitat & environment10

Aquaticterrestrial

Climberself-supporting

Epiphyteterrestrial

Fruit fleshinessdry

Fruit typeachene

Growth formherb

Habitat GIFTCoastal

Leaf compoundnesssimple

Leaf shapelinear narrowly_lanceolate

Woodinessnon-woody

Physiology & chemistry2

Nitrogen fixingnon_nitrogen_fixer

Photosynthetic pathwayC3

Other traits1

Plant support typefree-standing

03Chemical composition2 compounds

Compounds documented for Senecio quadridentatus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile1 class

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids2

Documented compounds2 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Class	Amount	Source
(3Z,5R,6R,14aS)-6-(Acetyloxy)-3-ethylidene-3,4,5,6,14,14a-hexahydro-5,6-dimethyl(1,6)dioxacyclododecino(2,3,4-gh)pyrrolizine-2,7,13(9H)-trione		present	LOTUS
[(1S,4Z,6S,7S)-4-ethylidene-6,7-dimethyl-3,8,15-trioxo-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadeca-11(17),12-dien-7-yl] acetate		present	LOTUS

05DNA & barcoding4 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Senecio quadridentatus has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens4

Marker genes3

eDNA detections2

Countries2

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★matK★rbcLa★ITS2

plant barcodefungal barcode

06Genome at a glanceCCDB

The complete instruction manual Senecio quadridentatus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.

Chromosomes2n = 40 n = 20

Ploidypolyploid inferred

Chromosome records40–402n range40median40mode4records

Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references

2n 404×CCDB · new-zealand · CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 +1

CCDB · new-zealand

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Lawrence, M. E. 1980. Senecio L. (Asteraceae) in Australia: chromosome numbers and the occurrence of polyploidy. Austral. J. Bot. 28: 151–166.

CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — BEUZENBERG, E.J., & B.E. GROVES. 1974. Contributions to a Chromosome Atlas of the New Zealand Flora. 16. Miscellaneous families. New Zealand J. Bot. 12: 211-217.

CCDB · kew — Lawrence ME. 1985. Senecio L. (Asteraceae) in Australia - Nuclear DNA amounts. Australian Journal of Botany 33: 221-232.

n 202×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71

CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Lawrence, M. E. 1980. Senecio L. (Asteraceae) in Australia: chromosome numbers and the occurrence of polyploidy. Austral. J. Bot. 28: 151–166.

CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 — TURNER, B.L. 1970. Chromosome numbers in the Compositae. XII Australian species. Amer. J. Bot. 57: 382-389.

Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources

polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale

PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type25 501 records

Wild obs. + sensor23 413

Museum / vouchered2 049

Cultivated / captive4

Other35

Origin

Native2 019

Introduced1

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO47 212 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy96% within 1 km

≤100 m 17 053≤1 km 4 002≤10 km 757>10 km 106

21 918 georeferenced · 1 495 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor23 413

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy53% within 1 km

≤100 m 449≤1 km 404≤10 km 656>10 km 94

1 603 georeferenced · 446 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 049

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy100% within 1 km

≤100 m 2

2 georeferenced · 2 without coordinates

Open the mapnot free-living4

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions32 of 44 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Adelaide, AU	516
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record	259
Canberra, AU	203
Mount Annan, AU	181
Christchurch, NZ	156
Auckland, NZ	89
Kensington, AU	81
Brisbane, AU	70
NSW Dept of Planning, Industry and Environmentlocation not on record	67
Hobart, AU	59
Wellington, NZ	42
Armidale, AU	28
John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record	19
Rotorua, NZ	13
NSW Office of Environment and Heritagelocation not on record	13
QVMAGlocation not on record	12
Stockholm, SE	10
San Diego, US	9
Kew, GB	8
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record	6
Santa Barbara, US	6
Palmerston, AU	6
Riverside, US	6
Wollongong, AU	5
Claremont, US	5
Smithfield, AU	4
Parkville, AU	4
La Trobe Universitylocation not on record	3
Palmerston North, NZ	3
Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record	3
LDlocation not on record	2
GB	2
EL PASO, US	2
Beijing, CN	2
Batemans Bay, AU	1
Saint Louis, US	1
Bern, CH	1
Honolulu, US	1
AUAlocation not on record	1
Chicago, US	1
MAlocation not on record	1
Albuquerque, US	1
San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record	1
Joondalup, AU	1

44 institutions · 1 904 of 2 049 vouchered records shown · 144 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA2 detections

Where the DNA of Senecio quadridentatus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found2

Studies independent surveys1

Countries2

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 2 detections have coordinates

Open the map2 countries0

Coastal Sage Scrub and Oak Woodland with Que…

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median10.8 °C 6.80–14.8

Seasonal swing summer↔winter10.0 °C

Max temp (day)14.2 °C 10.2–18.2

Min temp (night)7.10 °C 2.50–11.6

Precipitation74.2 mm/mo 29.4–119

Air humidity62.8 % 62.7–62.9

Moisture balance-27.8 mm/mo -93.6–37.9

Vapour deficit511 Pa 388–635

Wind speed4.70 m/s 3.80–5.70

Cloud cover34.5 % 30.9–38.0

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 2 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Senecio quadridentatus

At a glance

Sources10 archives

Size & morphology21

Life cycle & reproduction13

Diet & foraging1

Habitat & environment10

Physiology & chemistry2

Other traits1

Compound class profile1 class

Documented compounds2 total

At a glance

Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged

Record type25 501 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions32 of 44 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type25 501 records