Sardinella zunasi
(Bleeker, 1854) · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Sardinella zunasi's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility386 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System367 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI41 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics33 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Sardinella zunasi (Japanese sardinella or Japanese scaled sardine) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Clupeidae, the herrings and sardines. It is native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean, where it occurs near shore along the Asian coastlines from southern Japan to Taiwan.Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.) Sardinella zunasi. FishBase. 2011. This fish is usually around 10 centimeters long at maturity. It is usually slender, but its body shape is somewhat variable.Sardinella zunasi. Fisheries and Aquaculture. FAO. This marine fish lives in schools in coastal waters, and can sometimes be found in bays. Some populations are known to overwinter in the Yellow Sea. In the spring, it spawns in the open ocean and in semi-enclosed shoreline habitat. The eggs hatch in about 36 hours. The larvae are adaptable to a wide range of temperatures and salinities.Ying, Y., et al. (2011). Genetic differentiation of Japanese sardinella (Sardinella zunasi) populations in the Northwest Pacific revealed by ISSR analysis. Journal of Ocean University of China 10(4), 417-24. Studies of its mitochondrial DNA reveal that the species is divided genetically into three main lineages. The split may have occurred when two populations were isolated from the main one by low sea levels during glaciation events. This is a commercially important fish in Japan and China.Wang, M., et al. (2008). Genetic diversity in the mtDNA control region and population structure in the Sardinella zunasi Bleeker. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(24) 4384-92. It has been heavily fished and is considered an overexploited resource. It is also commonly found in fishery bycatch.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology1
Habitat & environment2
Uses & economy1
Other traits2
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Sardinella zunasi has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Sardinella zunasi carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type753 records
Origin
Range
Depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions7 of 19 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korealocation not on record | 173 |
| Kagoshima University Museumlocation not on record | 33 |
| MNHAHlocation not on record | 28 |
| Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie Universitylocation not on record | 19 |
| NSMKlocation not on record | 13 |
| CASlocation not on record | 6 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 4 |
| Stockholm, SE | 4 |
| Chicago, US | 4 |
| Cincinnati, US | 3 |
| Yokosuka City Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Chiba, JP | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| FishBaselocation not on record | 1 |
| Louisiana State University, Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Gifu prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
Where the DNA of Sardinella zunasi was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.