A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Pyrrhosoma nymphula has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens104
BINs4
Marker genes4
eDNA detections68
Countries18
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P658 bp consensus71 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 99% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 6 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)0.68%
Haplotypes11
BINs4
Most divergent pair1.8%
Europe
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-3P★COI-5P16S18S-5P
animal barcoderibosomal
06Genome at a glanceGoaT · TreeOfSex · NCBI
The complete instruction manualPyrrhosoma nymphula carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size≈2 117 226 934 bp assembly estimate
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Pyrrhosoma nymphula2.12 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Assembly levelChromosome
Completeness97.1% BUSCO
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type490 919 records
Wild obs. + sensor488 697
Museum / vouchered2 016
Cultivated / captive2
Other204
Origin
Native19 885
Introduced1
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO259 652 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy55% within 1 km
≤100 m 191 872≤1 km 60 059≤10 km 204 243>10 km 2 643
458 817 georeferenced · 29 880 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor488 697
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy73% within 1 km
≤100 m 453≤1 km 567≤10 km 350>10 km 18
1 388 georeferenced · 628 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence2 016
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 1
1 georeferenced · 1 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living2
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions24 of 63 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
231
Salzburg, AT
208
Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collectionlocation not on record
162
DanishLepidopterologicalSocietylocation not on record
122
Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomiulocation not on record
122
Washington, US
111
Bonn, DE
105
NTNU-VMlocation not on record
80
NHMOlocation not on record
69
Philadelphia, US
47
Tilburg, NL
44
Zürich, CH
43
Bern, CH
34
Naturéum — Muséum cantonal des sciences naturelles, Lausanne, Département Zoologielocation not on record
34
Geneva, CH
23
BioFokuslocation not on record
22
Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record
17
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
14
Musee d'Histoire Naturallelocation not on record
14
MZLUlocation not on record
13
Helsinki, FI
12
Provincia di Livornolocation not on record
12
CBDClocation not on record
12
Tromsø, NO
11
MUSE - Museo delle Scienze di Trentolocation not on record
8
Montréal, CA
7
Fribourg, CH
7
Sion, CH
6
South Kensington, GB
6
Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciêncialocation not on record
6
ZSMlocation not on record
6
Cornell University Insect Collectionlocation not on record
5
National Museums of Kenyalocation not on record
5
DEMNA-DNElocation not on record
5
Nijmegen, NL
5
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
5
Natural History Museum, Londonlocation not on record
4
Kent State Universitylocation not on record
4
Ugentlocation not on record
4
John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
3
DFlocation not on record
3
Bavarian State Collection of Zoologylocation not on record
3
NCMGlocation not on record
3
University of Milano Bicoccalocation not on record
2
Paro, BT
2
Porrentruy, CH
2
GVlocation not on record
2
Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record
2
Tartu, EE
2
ZABAlocation not on record
2
Copenhagen, DK
2
Universität Zürich, Naturhistorisches Museumlocation not on record
2
ZMAAlocation not on record
2
neflocation not on record
2
Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record
2
Stockholm, SE
2
Private Collection of Giacomo Assandrilocation not on record
1
University Park, US
1
NMOKlocation not on record
1
Auckland, NZ
1
Barcelona, ES
1
Uniwersytet w Białymstokulocation not on record
1
Radicondoli, IT
1
63 institutions · 1 690 of 2 016 vouchered records shown · 326 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA68 detections
Where the DNA of Pyrrhosoma nymphula was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found68
Studies independent surveys1
Countries12
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 68 detections have coordinates
Open the map12 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.1 °C 10.0–15.8
Seasonal swing summer↔winter19.2 °C
Max temp (day)18.1 °C 14.4–20.1
Min temp (night)8.70 °C 4.40–11.6
Precipitation103 mm/mo 69.5–183
Air humidity60.0 % 57.1–63.8
Moisture balance5.60 mm/mo -46.3–112
Vapour deficit666 Pa 468–783
Wind speed2.80 m/s 2.10–4.70
Cloud cover37.3 % 34.3–49.0
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 62 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation12 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility490 919 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI68 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics104 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
Tree of SexTree of Sex Consortiumgenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗