Pyrosoma atlanticum

Péron, 1804 · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Animalia/Chordata/Thaliacea/Pyrosomatida/Pyrosomatidae/Pyrosoma

At a glance

Occurrence records7 115

Data sources10

Biological traits6

DNA specimens9

eDNA detections69

Sources10 archives

Databases and archives Pyrosoma atlanticum's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 368 records↗

OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System2 747 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI69 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics9 specimens↗

LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗

NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗

Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗

Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗

On this page6 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements1 literature sources6 traits

Chemical compositionLOTUS · NPASS178 compounds

Occurrence & distributionGBIF · OBIS7 115 records

Environmental DNA3 datasets · 7 countries69 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD9 specimens

01Narrative

Pyrosoma atlanticum is a pelagic species of marine colonial tunicate in the class Thaliacea found in temperate waters worldwide. The name of the genus comes from the Greek words pyros meaning 'fire' and soma meaning 'body', referring to the bright bioluminescence sometimes emitted.Pyrosoma atlanticum (Peron, 1804) : Pyrosome The JelliesZone. Retrieved 2011-11-10. The specific epithet atlanticum refers to the Atlantic Ocean, from where the first specimen of the species was collected for scientific description; it was described in 1804 by François Péron, a French naturalist.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesSeaLifeBase

Size & morphology1

Body length60 cm

Habitat & environment2

Habitat saltwateryes

Habitat zonepelagic

Other traits3

Depth max250 m

Depth min0 m

Vulnerability44

03Chemical composition178 compounds

Compounds documented for Pyrosoma atlanticum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").

Compound class profile5 classes

Flavones27

Carotenoids (C40, β-β)16

Cholestane steroids13

Limonoids9

Acyclic monoterpenoids8

Documented compounds178 total

Tissue Source Quantified only

Compound	Amount	Source
(+)-alpha-Thujene	present	NPASS
(+)-trans-Sabinene hydrate	present	NPASS
(-)-alpha-Pinene	present	NPASS
(-)-Cholesteryl acetate	present	LOTUS
(-)-Linalool	present	NPASS
(-)-trans-Carveol	present	NPASS
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol	present	NPASS
(1R,2R,7S,10R,13R,14R,16S,19R,20S)-19-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl]-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,12,17-trione	present	NPASS
(1R,2R,7S,10S,13R,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,12,17-trione	present	NPASS
(1R,3S,6S)-6-[(3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol	present	NPASS

05DNA & barcoding9 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Pyrosoma atlanticum has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens9

Marker genes1

eDNA detections69

Countries7

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★COI-5P

animal barcode

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type7 115 records

Wild obs. + sensor5 531

Museum / vouchered1 160

Cultivated / captive1

Other423

Origin

Native50

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO10 756 km²

Depth

0–200 m sunlit974

200–1000 m twilight1 268

1–4 km midnight162

>4 km abyssal3

median 372.1 m · max 5 040 m · 2 407 records with depth

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy89% within 1 km

≤100 m 3 330≤1 km 340≤10 km 395>10 km 49

4 114 georeferenced · 1 417 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor5 531

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy60% within 1 km

≤100 m 199≤1 km 18≤10 km 138>10 km 8

363 georeferenced · 797 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 160

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

Coordinate accuracy

no georeferenced coordinates · 1 records without

Open the mapnot free-living1

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions11 of 32 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
ICATMARlocation not on record	125
CSIRO, Australialocation not on record	55
Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collectionlocation not on record	50
Washington, US	49
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record	20
ICM-CSIClocation not on record	20
Natick, US	20
Sydney, AU	13
ICMlocation not on record	10
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korealocation not on record	8
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institutelocation not on record	8
Griffith Universitylocation not on record	7
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR)location not on record	7
CASlocation not on record	6
Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallerylocation not on record	6
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record	6
Cambridge, US	4
The Atlantic reference Centrelocation not on record	4
College Station, US	4
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxicolocation not on record	4
JODClocation not on record	2
Frankfurt am Main	2
Toronto, CA	2
DOI/NPS, Salem Maritime National Historic Sitelocation not on record	2
Australian National Fish Collectionlocation not on record	2
New Haven, US	1
IEO-COMA-CSIClocation not on record	1
Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record	1
Stockholm, SE	1
Victoria, CA	1
Gothenburg, SE	1
Australian Institute of Marine Sciencelocation not on record	1

32 institutions · 443 of 1 160 vouchered records shown · 255 without an institution code

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.

09Environmental DNA69 detections

Where the DNA of Pyrosoma atlanticum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found69

Studies independent surveys3

Countries7

Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 69 detections have coordinates

Open the map7 countries0

Pacific Ocean

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Measured at samplingin-field

Temperature14.2 °C 0.556–27.8

Conductivity41,719 µS/cm 40,111–49,340

Salinity35.3 PSU 34.7–35.9

Dissolved oxygen8.08 mg/L 5.28–8.60

Turbidity0.717 NTU 0.056–0.808

Nitrate3.30 µmol/L 0.7–10.0

Depth50.7 m 0–2,000

Pelagic

47 samples with on-site data · median with range · describes the sample, not the organism

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median13.1 °C 9.50–22.6

Seasonal swing summer↔winter5.30 °C

Max temp (day)14.2 °C 10.3–23.1

Min temp (night)11.8 °C 8.90–22.0

Precipitation68.9 mm/mo 38.7–139

Air humidity59.4 % 58.0–64.6

Vapour deficit627 Pa 432–1,133

Cloud cover45.7 % 25.5–54.0

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 69 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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Pyrosoma atlanticum

At a glance

Sources10 archives

Size & morphology1

Habitat & environment2

Other traits3

Compound class profile5 classes

Documented compounds178 total

At a glance

Record type7 115 records

Origin

Range

Depth

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions11 of 32 geolocated

Cultivated / Captivenot free-living

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Measured at samplingin-field

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type7 115 records