Prunus spinosa
speciesAt a glance
Occurrence records858 541
Data sources12
Biological traits68
DNA specimens47
eDNA detections32
Sources12 archives
Databases and archives Prunus spinosa's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility858 538 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI32 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics47 specimens↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗On this page8 sections
Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
NarrativeWikipediaarticle
Traits & measurements5 literature sources68 traits
Chemical compositionLOTUS29 compounds
Occurrence & distributionGBIF · PBDB858 541 records
Environmental DNA1 datasets · 5 countries32 detections
DNA & barcodingBOLD47 specimens
Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT685 Mbp
Deep timePBDB3 fossils
01Narrative
Le prunellier ou prunelier est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Rosaceae. Il est parfois appelé, selon les régions, buisson noir, épine noire, épinette, belossay, créquier, fourdinier, fourdraine, mère-du-bois, pelossier ou prunier épineux. Depuis les rectifications orthographiques de 1990, la graphie « prunelier » est également acceptée. Cette nouvelle orthographe bien que conforme à la prononciation, n'est pas répertoriée dans de nombreux dictionnaires de référence. C'est un buisson ou un arbuste qui, en raison de son caractère épineux et d'une forte tendance à drageonner, est très utilisé pour former des haies infranchissables pour le bétail. Comme l'aubépine, il peut former une haie ou un taillis inextricable en quelques années. Ses fruits sont les prunelles. Étant appréciés des oiseaux qui disséminent ses graines, c'est un buisson qui peut vite envahir les friches et certaines pâtures délaissées. C'est une espèce pionnière de pleine lumière qui tolère mal la concurrence.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
02Traits & measurements
SourcesGIFTAusTraitsLEDATRYWCVP
Size & morphology25
Fruit length12.5 mm
Fruit length max15 mm
Fruit length min10 mm
Fruit width12.5 mm
⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 12.5 mm · GIFT: 13.2 mm
Fruit width max15 mm
Fruit width min10 mm
Leaf length30 mm
Leaf length max40 mm
Leaf length min20 mm
Leaf size361 mm²
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 361 mm² · LEDA: 472 mm² · GIFT: 472 mm²
Leaf width20 mm
⚠ sources differ — AusTraits: 20 mm · GIFT: 13 mm
Leaf width max18 mm
Leaf width min8 mm
Petiole length0.65 cm
Plant height3.98 m
⚠ sources differ — GIFT: 3.98 m · AusTraits: 4 m · LEDA: 2 m · TRY: 1.15 m
Plant height generative2 m
Plant height max8 m
Plant height min1 m
Seed length14.95 mm
Seed mass177 mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 177 mg · LEDA: 152 mg · GIFT: 305 mg
Seed mass max480 mg
Seed mass min51.84 mg
Seed volume270 mm³
Seed volume max270 mm³
Seed volume min270 mm³
Life cycle & reproduction16
Deciduousnessdeciduous
Dehiscenceindehiscent
Dispersal typeanimal
Flower length max15 mm
Flower length min10 mm
Flowering endAug
Flowering startApr
Life formshrub or tree
Life spanperennial
Lifespan years29 years
Pollination modebiotic
Pollination syndromeinsect
Raunkiær life formphanerophyte
Reproduction asexualabsent
Seed number1
Self fertilizationabsent
Diet & foraging2
Carnivorynon-carnivorous
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment15
Aquaticterrestrial
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Elevation max1 200 m
Elevation mean1 000 m
Elevation min800 m
Epiphyteterrestrial
Fruit fleshinessfleshy
Fruit typedrupe
Growth formshrub
Habitat GIFTÁrea Antrópica
Leaf compoundnesssimple
Leaf shapeoblanceolate obovate
Mycorrhiza typeectomycorrhizal
Woodinesswoody
Physiology & chemistry9
Leaf C:N ratio19.4 g/g
Leaf c438 mg/g
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)337 mg/g
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 337 mg/g · LEDA: 316 mg/g
Leaf n23.93 mg/g
Leaf p2.13 mg/g
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Seed longevity index0
Specific leaf area (SLA)16.3 mm²/mg
⚠ sources differ — TRY: 16.3 mm²/mg · LEDA: 14.4 mm²/mg · GIFT: 14.37 mm²/mg
Wood density525 mg/cm³
Other traits1
Diaspore typegenerative dispersule
03Chemical composition29 compounds
Compounds documented for Prunus spinosa across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
🍽 Used in cooking
Compound class profile5 classes
Flavonols8
Proanthocyanins5
Cyanogenic glycosides3
Flavan-3-ols2
Monosaccharides2
Documented compounds29 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,5R,6R,13R,21S)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-13-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,5R,6S,13R,21S)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-13-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.7.1.02,11.03,8.015,20]henicosa-2(11),3(8),9,15,17,19-hexaene-6,9,17,19,21-pentol | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-Hydroxy-beta-ionone | present | LOTUS | |
| 3-Oxo-alpha-ionol | present | LOTUS | |
| 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxychromen-2-one | present | LOTUS | |
| 7-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | present | LOTUS |
05DNA & barcoding47 specimens
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Prunus spinosa has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens47
Marker genes5
eDNA detections32
Countries6
Marker genes sequenced
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK★rbcL★rbcLa★ITS★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB · GoaT
The complete instruction manual Prunus spinosa carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size684 600 000 bp
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Prunus spinosa0.68 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 32 n = 16
Ploidy4× tetraploid · measured
Chromosome records16–642n range32median32mode51records
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 3239×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · slov-fl +10
GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database — ↗
CCDB · slov-fl — Májovský J. et al., 1978: Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora (Part 6). - Acta Fac. Rerum Nat. Univ. Comen., Bot. 26: 1-42.
CCDB · brit-fl — Bailey, J.P., Gornall, R.J. Irish Naturalists' J. : ()
CCDB · brit-fl — Darlington, C.D. J. Genet. 22: 65-93 (1930)
CCDB · iber-fl — Nmeros cromosmicos para la flora espaola, 504-515. Gonzlez Zapatero, M. A., J. A. Elena- Rossell & F. Navarro Andrs.Lagascalia15(1): 112-119(1988).
CCDB · nw-europe-fl — http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2713
CCDB · poland — Jankun A., Ma?ecka J., Izmai?ow R., Wcis?o H., Czapik R., Musia? K., et al. 1996 Further studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Part XXV. Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot. 38, 9-27.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — González Zapatero, M. A., J. A. Elena-Roselló & F. N. Andrés. 1988. Números cromosómicos para la flora Española. 504--515. Lagascalia 15: 112–119.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Verlaque, R., M. Seidenbinder & C. Reynaud. 1987. Recherches cytotaxonomiques sur la spéciation en région Méditerranéenne III: esp@4ces aneuploides. Biol.-Ecol. Medit. 10: 315–346.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Salesses, G. & A. Bonnet. 1993. Meiotic behaviour of hybrids between Prunus cerasifera, P. spinosa and P. persica: an approach to the peach-plum genome relationship. Cytologia 58: 257–262.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Dobea, C., B. Hahn & W. Morawetz. 1997. Chromosomenzahlen zur Gefässpflanzen-Flora Österreichs. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 29(1): 5–43.
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — López Pacheco, M. J. 2002. Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 921--936. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 59(2): 287–288.
CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 — Murin 1978
CCDB · book-ipcn73-74 — SALESSES, G. 1970. Etudes cytologiques chez les Prunus. I. Especes la section Euprunus. Ann. Amelior. Pl. 20: 469-48-3-.----
CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants — FW
CCDB · kew — Siljak-Yakovlev S, Pustahija F, Šolic EM, Bogunic F, Muratovic E, Bašic N, Catrice O, Brown SC. 2010. Towards a genome size and chromosome number database of Balkan flora: C-values in 343 taxa with novel values for 242. Advanced Science Letters 3: 190-213
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — González Zapatero, M. A., Elena- Rosselló, J. A. & Navarro Andrés, F. (1988). Números cromosómicos para la flora española, 504-515. Lagascalia 15(1): 112-119.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1991). To the study of microsporogenesis of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.). Bull. Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR? 142: 127-128.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Crane, M. B. (1927). Studies in relation to sterility in plums, cherries, apples and rapsberries Mem. Hortic. Soc. New York 3: 119-134.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Crane, M. B. (1929). Polyploidy and sterility in cultivated fruits. John Innes Hort. Inst. Conf. Polypl 1929: 38-41.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Darlington, C. D. (1927). The behaviour of polyploid Nature 119: 390-391.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Darlington, C. D. (1928). Studies in Prunus. I-II. J. Genet. 19: 213-256.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Darlington, C. D. (1930). Studies in Prunus. III. J. Genet. 22: 65-93.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Dobeš, C., Hahn, B. & Morawetz, W. (1997). Chromosomenzahlen zur Gefässpflanzen-Flora Österreichs. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 29(1): 5-43.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Gabrielan, E. & Zohary, D. (2004). Wild relatives of food crops native to Armenian and Nakhichevan Fl. Medit. 14: 5-80
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Kobel, F. (1927). Zytologische untersuchungen an Prunoideen und Pomoideen. Arch. Julius-Klaus-Stiftung 3:
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Kobel, F. (1928). Zytologische untersuchungen an kern und steinobstarten. Z. Vererb. Suppl. 2: 927-930.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Lawrence, W. J. C. (1930). Incompatibility in polyploids. Genetica 12(1-2): 269-296.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — López Pacheco, M. J. (2001). Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 921-936. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 59(2): 287-288.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Mather, K. (1937). Notes on the cytology of some Prunus species. Genetica 19: 143-152.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — M?sí?ek J. et Jarolímová-Jav?rková V. (1992). List of chromosome numbers of the Czech vascular plants. Academia, Praha. p. 1-144.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Salesses, G. & A. Bonnet (1993). Meiotic behaviour of hybrids between Prunus cerasifera, P. spinosa and P. persica: an approach to the peach-plum genome relationship. Cytologia 58: 257-262.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Pustahija, F., Šoli?, E.M., Boguni?, F., Muratovi?, E., Baši?, N., Catrice, O. & S. C. Brown. (2010). Towards a Genome Size and Chromosome Number Database of Balkan Flora: C-Values in 343 Taxa with Novel Values for 242 Advanced Scienc
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Verlaque, R., M. Seidenbinder & C. Reynaud. (1987d). Recherches cytotaxonomiques sur la spéciaton en région Méditerranéenne III: espèces aneuploides. Biol. & Écol. Médit. 10: 315-346.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Weimarck, H. (1942). Bidrag till Skanes Flora. XV. En spontan hybrid mellan slan och terson. Bot. Not. 95: 218-226.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Weimarck, H. (1943). Om pollenkorn och klyvöppningar hos Prunus insititia, P. spinosa och hybriden dem emellan. Bot. Not. 96: 389-399.
2n 402×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Eremin, G. V. & Rassvetaeva, E. G. (1992). Polymorphism of chromosome numbers in Prunoideae Focke. NONE LISTED Pp. 21-22 Tezisy III Soveshchanie po Kariologii Rastenii
2n 432×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1980). Towards the karyological study of Prunus spinosa L. Bjull. Acad. Sci. ruzinsk SSR. 100 (3): 647.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 442×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1980). Towards the karyological study of Prunus spinosa L. Bjull. Acad. Sci. ruzinsk SSR. 100 (3): 647.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 482×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1991). To the study of microsporogenesis of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.). Bull. Acad. Sci. Georgian SSR? 142: 127-128.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Eremin, G. V. & Rassvetaeva, E. G. (1992). Polymorphism of chromosome numbers in Prunoideae Focke. NONE LISTED Pp. 21-22 Tezisy III Soveshchanie po Kariologii Rastenii
2n 532×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1980). Towards the karyological study of Prunus spinosa L. Bjull. Acad. Sci. ruzinsk SSR. 100 (3): 647.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 562×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1980). Towards the karyological study of Prunus spinosa L. Bjull. Acad. Sci. ruzinsk SSR. 100 (3): 647.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 592×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1980). Towards the karyological study of Prunus spinosa L. Bjull. Acad. Sci. ruzinsk SSR. 100 (3): 647.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 642×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Baiashvili, E. I. (1980). Towards the karyological study of Prunus spinosa L. Bjull. Acad. Sci. ruzinsk SSR. 100 (3): 647.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 161×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
2n 241×CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
n 164×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
CCDB · ipcn-api-dl — Salesses, G. & A. Bonnet. 1993. Meiotic behaviour of hybrids between Prunus cerasifera, P. spinosa and P. persica: an approach to the peach-plum genome relationship. Cytologia 58: 257–262.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Blanca, G & Díaz de la Guardia, C. (1998). Prunus L. In S.Castroviejo et al (eds), Flora Iberica 6: 444-446 RJBM-CSIC Madrid
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — Salesses, G. & A. Bonnet (1993). Meiotic behaviour of hybrids between Prunus cerasifera, P. spinosa and P. persica: an approach to the peach-plum genome relationship. Cytologia 58: 257-262.
CCDB · CromoCat 2015 — González Zapatero, M. A., Elena- Rosselló, J. A. & Navarro Andrés, F. (1988). Números cromosómicos para la flora española, 504-515. Lagascalia 15(1): 112-119.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
tetraploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
PloiDB · genus-scale — chromEvol; reliability=1.000 ↗
07Deep time11.6–2.58 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range11.6–2.58 Ma Miocene, Pliocene
Dated fossil finds3
StatusNot recorded since 2.58 Ma
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Prunus spinosa. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
fossil range (PBDB)each dot = one dated find
How it livedPBDB
Dietphotoautotroph
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type858 541 records
Wild obs. + sensor844 030
Museum / vouchered9 788
Cultivated / captive165
Fossil8
Other4 550
Origin
Native44 037
Introduced113
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO717 496 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy45% within 1 km
≤100 m 203 084≤1 km 122 324≤10 km 391 467>10 km 4 279
721 154 georeferenced · 122 876 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor844 030
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy32% within 1 km
≤100 m 617≤1 km 1 630≤10 km 4 517>10 km 293
7 057 georeferenced · 2 731 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence9 788
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 8>10 km 23
31 georeferenced · 134 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living165
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions93 of 184 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 4 900 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 555 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 347 |
| LDlocation not on record | 309 |
| Olocation not on record | 248 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 145 |
| Helsinki, FI | 145 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 141 |
| Görlitz, DE | 124 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 110 |
| Salzburg, AT | 102 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 95 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 91 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 88 |
| Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 87 |
| MAlocation not on record | 79 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 73 |
| Turku, FI | 69 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 64 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 58 |
| Mlocation not on record | 54 |
| València, ES | 51 |
| Vitoria, ES | 46 |
| Bern, CH | 45 |
| Trondheim, NO | 41 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 40 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 39 |
| Berlin, DE | 37 |
| Salamanca, ES | 36 |
| Bergen, NO | 36 |
| BClocation not on record | 35 |
| Uppsala, SE | 34 |
| Barcelona, ES | 32 |
| Pamplona, ES | 31 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 30 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 27 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 25 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 24 |
| Madrid, ES | 23 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 23 |
| Philadelphia, US | 23 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 22 |
| UGentlocation not on record | 22 |
| South Kensington, GB | 22 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 21 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 21 |
| Corvallis, US | 19 |
| Voronezh State Universitylocation not on record | 19 |
| Wlocation not on record | 18 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 18 |
| Granada, ES | 16 |
| Oulu, FI | 15 |
| Córdoba, ES | 15 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 14 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 14 |
| Santiago de Compostela, ES | 14 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 12 |
| Kuopio, FI | 12 |
| Hobart, AU | 11 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 10 |
| Podgorica, ME | 10 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 10 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 10 |
| Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowielocation not on record | 9 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 8 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 8 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 8 |
| Pullman, US | 8 |
| Pamplona, ES | 8 |
| Museo Achille Folettolocation not on record | 7 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Tartu, EE | 7 |
| Zürich, CH | 6 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 6 |
| Porvoo, FI | 6 |
| Saint Louis, US | 6 |
| Alicante, ES | 5 |
| Victoria, CA | 5 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 5 |
| Tallinn, EE | 5 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 5 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 5 |
| SWlocation not on record | 5 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 5 |
| The State Museum-Preserve "The Kulikovo pole"location not on record | 5 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 5 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 5 |
| Jaén, ES | 5 |
| Tilburg, NL | 5 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 4 |
| Portland, US | 4 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 4 |
| Dekalb, US | 4 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 4 |
| FJFClocation not on record | 4 |
| Dresden, DE | 4 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 4 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 3 |
| Stockholm, SE | 3 |
| Bronx, US | 3 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 3 |
| Kew, GB | 3 |
| Xian, CN | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Moscow, US | 3 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 3 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 3 |
| Riverside, US | 3 |
| PRClocation not on record | 3 |
| OLAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Alberta Museumslocation not on record | 3 |
| Sion, CH | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| München, DE | 2 |
| Glarus, CH | 2 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 2 |
| Adelaide, AU | 2 |
| Denver, US | 2 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 2 |
| Sevilla, ES | 2 |
| AZE015location not on record | 2 |
| Burlington, US | 2 |
| Taipei, TW | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 2 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 2 |
| Naturalis Biodiversity Centerlocation not on record | 2 |
| Vancouver, CA | 2 |
| Badajoz, ES | 2 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 2 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 2 |
| Bourges, FR | 2 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 2 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 2 |
| The Tula Region State Institution of Culture "Tula Museum Association"location not on record | 2 |
| Canberra, AU | 2 |
| Sant Julià de Lòria, AD | 2 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record | 1 |
| Fulda, DE | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 1 |
| FLADlocation not on record | 1 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 1 |
| Lausanne, CH | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| FFPRIlocation not on record | 1 |
| National Botanic Garden of Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Toronto, CA | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| College Park, US | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Williamsburg, US | 1 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 1 |
| Davenport, US | 1 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 1 |
| UoB-IBlocation not on record | 1 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 1 |
| H-Wolflocation not on record | 1 |
| Namur, BE | 1 |
| Paris, FR | 1 |
| ZRC-SAZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| WNNUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 1 |
| ROM035location not on record | 1 |
| JBCLMlocation not on record | 1 |
| NoColllocation not on record | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghlocation not on record | 1 |
| Banyoles, ES | 1 |
| UNINE:NEUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Saint John, CA | 1 |
| Fribourg, CH | 1 |
184 institutions · 9 250 of 9 788 vouchered records shown · 463 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA32 detections
Where the DNA of Prunus spinosa was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found32
Studies independent surveys1
Countries5
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 32 detections have coordinates
Open the map5 countries0
Roadsides.along path
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median14.5 °C 12.1–16.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter18.7 °C
Max temp (day)17.2 °C 14.0–18.9
Min temp (night)9.50 °C 7.90–14.8
Precipitation72.2 mm/mo 48.6–85.8
Air humidity61.3 % 58.3–63.7
Moisture balance-25.8 mm/mo -60.2–-20.6
Vapour deficit664 Pa 553–782
Wind speed4.00 m/s 2.60–5.70
Cloud cover41.1 % 40.9–51.0
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 13 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.