Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Traits & measurements2 literature sources87 traits
Occurrence & distributionGBIF · PBDB2 328 records
Deep timePBDB5 fossils
02Traits & measurements
SourcesLEDAUSDA
Size & morphology4
Leaf mass110 mg
Leaf size2 348 mm²
Plant height0.4 m
⚠ sources differ — LEDA: 0.4 m · USDA: 0.975 m
Seed mass2.12 mg
Life cycle & reproduction26
After harvest regrowth rateSlow
Bloom periodSpring
Coppice potentialNo
Dispersal typehuman
Flower colourred
Flower conspicuousYes
Fruit seed period beginSpring
Fruit seed period endFall
Growth rate USDARapid
Life spanannual
Lifespan categoryShort
Propagated by bare rootNo
Propagated by bulbNo
Propagated by containerNo
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Raunkiær life formtherophyte
Resprout abilityNo
Seed number800
Seed spread rateRapid
Seedling vigorMedium
Vegetative spread rateNone
Habitat & environment19
Active growth periodSpring
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsYes
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
BloatNone
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage porosity summerModerate
Foliage porosity winterPorous
Foliage textureMedium
Fruit colourblack
Growth form USDASingle Crown
Hedge toleranceNone
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min14 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainNo
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry20
Anaerobic toleranceMedium
Caco3 toleranceMedium
Cold stratification requiredNo
Drought toleranceMedium
Fertility requirementLow
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceMedium
Frost free days min110 days
Leaf dry-matter content (LDMC)203 mg/g
Moisture useMedium
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Precipitation max60 in
Precipitation min14 in
Salinity toleranceLow
Seed longevity index0.5
Shade toleranceHigh
Soil pH max8.5 pH
Soil pH min4 pH
Specific leaf area (SLA)21.5 mm²/mg
Temperature min32 °F
Uses & economy14
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityRoutinely Available
Fodder productNo
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productNo
Palatable graze animalLow
Palatable humanNo
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
Seeds per pound255 775 per lb
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits4
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed abundanceMedium
Fruit seed conspicuousNo
Fruit seed persistenceNo
07Deep time7.25–0.77 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range7.25–0.77 Ma Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene
Dated fossil finds5
StatusNot recorded since 0.77 Ma
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Polygonum persicaria. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
fossil range (PBDB)each dot = one dated find
How it livedPBDB
Dietphotoautotroph
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type2 328 records
Wild obs. + sensor1 519
Museum / vouchered789
Cultivated / captive9
Fossil10
Other1
Origin
Introduced18
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 952 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy97% within 1 km
≤100 m 211≤1 km 1 151≤10 km 10>10 km 25
1 397 georeferenced · 122 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor1 519
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy34% within 1 km
≤100 m 1≤1 km 13≤10 km 17>10 km 10
41 georeferenced · 748 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence789
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km
≤10 km 8
8 georeferenced · 1 without coordinates
Open the mapnot free-living9
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions30 of 56 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Beijing, CN
220
Yangling, CN
204
Nanjing, CN
56
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinicalocation not on record
53
Kunming, CN
32
Siouxland Heritage Museumlocation not on record
19
Northeastern Forestry Universitylocation not on record
15
Guilin, CN
14
Guangzhou, CN
13
Valparaiso, CL
9
Zhengzhou, CN
9
Hangzhou, CN
9
Urumqi, CN
8
EL PASO, US
8
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Scienceslocation not on record
8
Austin, US
7
Xinxiang, CN
6
Shanghai, CN
6
Miami, US
5
Vancouver, CA
4
Xian, CN
4
Ivano-Frankove, UA
4
Xiamen, CN
4
Jiangxi College of Educationlocation not on record
4
Chengdu, CN
4
Winterthur, CH
3
Ischia Marine Centrelocation not on record
3
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record
3
Xian, CN
3
Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record
3
Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record
3
Urumqi, CN
2
Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record
2
Xining, CN
2
Chicago, US
2
Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record
2
Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record
2
Awka, NG
2
Nunoa, Santiago, CL
2
Chongqing, CN
2
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
1
Forest Survey and Design Institute, Forestry Administrative Bureau of Daxinganlinglocation not on record
1
J. Rusek Collectionlocation not on record
1
Shanghai, CN
1
Central China Normal Universitylocation not on record
1
Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record
1
BClocation not on record
1
Peking Universitylocation not on record
1
Coimbra, PT
1
BAYLUlocation not on record
1
Jishou Universitylocation not on record
1
DOI/FWS, Kenai National Wildlife Refugelocation not on record
1
Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record
1
Qufu Normal Universitylocation not on record
1
LDlocation not on record
1
Sede di Via Giorgio La Pira del Museo di Storia naturale di Firenze | Via Giorgio La Pira headquarter of the Natural History Museum in Florencelocation not on record
1
56 institutions · 777 of 789 vouchered records shown · 12 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
