Polygala lutea, commonly known as orange- or yellow milkwort, is a plant in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) native to pine-barren depressions and swamps in coastal areas of the southern and eastern the United States. It was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Polygala lutea has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens4
Marker genes5
GenBank sequences9
eDNA detections3
Countries1
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★matK4★rbcL3★rbcLa★ITS2★ITS2
plant barcodefungal barcode
06Genome at a glanceCCDB
The complete instruction manualPolygala lutea carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
Chromosomes2n = 68 n = 34
Ploidypolyploid inferred
Chromosome-count records — grouped by value · 2n = full set, n = gamete · click a value for sources & references
2n 681×CCDB · book-fedorov
CCDB · book-fedorov — Lewis W. H., Davis 1962
n 341×CCDB · Cave1962
CCDB · Cave1962 — Lewis & Davis 1962.
Ploidy records — measured levels and diploid/polyploid inferences · click for sources
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin9.45 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
How it livedPBDB
Dietphotoautotroph
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type915 records
Wild obs. + sensor23
Museum / vouchered892
Origin
Native1
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO2 620 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy92% within 1 km
≤100 m 12≤10 km 1
13 georeferenced · 10 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor23
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy27% within 1 km
≤100 m 19≤1 km 139≤10 km 263>10 km 160
581 georeferenced · 311 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence892
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions55 of 82 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Philadelphia, US
190
Bangkok, TH
110
Chongqing Museumlocation not on record
48
Miami, US
39
Williamsburg, US
35
Tuscaloosa, US
32
Chapel Hill, US
30
Bronx, US
25
College Park, US
24
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
23
Saint Louis, US
21
University of Southern Mississippilocation not on record
18
Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record
16
Bloomington, US
15
US
14
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
14
AUAlocation not on record
11
Norfolk, US
11
Millersville, US
11
Columbia, US
10
GAlocation not on record
9
BAYLUlocation not on record
9
Mississippi State, US
8
Knoxville, US
8
Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record
8
Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record
7
Staten Island, US
7
DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record
7
University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record
5
Oskarshamn, SE
5
San Angelo, US
5
Burlington, US
4
Tampa, US
4
New Haven, US
4
Dover, US
4
Cheney, US
4
Wlocation not on record
3
Boise, US
3
University of South Carolina Salkehatchielocation not on record
3
Clemson, US
3
Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record
2
Long Beach, US
2
Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record
2
Fredericksburg, US
2
ASUlocation not on record
2
Waverly, US
2
Maryland Department of Natural Resourceslocation not on record
2
Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preservelocation not on record
2
Flagstaff, US
2
North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record
2
Mérida, MX
2
Fullerton, US
2
Little Rock, US
2
Davenport, US
2
Washington, US
1
Provo, US
1
Tempe, US
1
Pittsburg, US
1
Fairfax, US
1
Ann Arbor, US
1
Mexico City, MX
1
New Brunswick, US
1
Asheville, US
1
Moscow, US
1
Audubon Society -- Silver Bluff Audubon Center and Sanctuarylocation not on record
1
Tulane Universitylocation not on record
1
University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record
1
Phoenix, US
1
Kew, GB
1
Wuzhou, CN
1
Denver, US
1
Northridge, US
1
Longwood Universitylocation not on record
1
DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record
1
Riverside, US
1
LDlocation not on record
1
EL PASO, US
1
Lincoln, US
1
Turku, FI
1
Grand Junction, US
1
Mount Pleasant, US
1
Meguro Parasitological Museumlocation not on record
1
82 institutions · 863 of 892 vouchered records shown · 29 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA3 detections
Where the DNA of Polygala lutea was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found3
Studies independent surveys1
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 3 detections have coordinates
Open the map0 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation1 languages↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility915 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI3 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics4 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗