Polygala amarella
Crantz · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Polygala amarella's data was compiled from.
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility43 065 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI7 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics15 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Polygala amarella, le Polygale amer, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Polygalacées. C'est une plante vivace originaire d'Europe et en particulier des Alpes.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology10
Life cycle & reproduction11
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment8
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits1
Compounds documented for Polygala amarella across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds42 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | present | NPASS | |
| 8a-[3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-6b-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,11,11,14b-pentamethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| 9-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho(2,3-c)furan-1(3H)-one | present | NPASS | |
| 9-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-methoxy-[1]benzofuro[6,5-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one | present | NPASS | |
| [(2R,3R)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butyl] acetate | present | NPASS | |
| [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl] benzoate | present | NPASS | |
| [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl] benzoate | present | NPASS | |
| [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl] benzoate | present | NPASS | |
| [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] benzoate | present | NPASS | |
| [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl] benzoate | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Polygala amarella has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Polygala amarella carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 3413×GoaT · DTOL Flowering Plants Estimates Kew · CCDB · brit-fl · CCDB · nw-europe-fl +4
2n 281×CCDB · fl-europaea
n 174×CCDB · book-ipcn75-78 · CCDB · book-ipcn73-74
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Record type43 065 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions42 of 102 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| LDlocation not on record | 403 |
| Helsinki, FI | 371 |
| Olocation not on record | 318 |
| South Kensington, GB | 273 |
| Salzburg, AT | 259 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 203 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 192 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 187 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 182 |
| Tartu, EE | 177 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 141 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 130 |
| Turku, FI | 114 |
| Trondheim, NO | 102 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 81 |
| Uppsala, SE | 65 |
| Tallinn, EE | 60 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 57 |
| Mlocation not on record | 57 |
| Kuopio, FI | 55 |
| Bern, CH | 52 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 50 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 48 |
| Oulu, FI | 44 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 33 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 33 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 30 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 21 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 20 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 18 |
| PrivatHerblocation not on record | 16 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 16 |
| Stockholm, SE | 16 |
| Fulda, DE | 15 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 14 |
| PRClocation not on record | 14 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 13 |
| Bergen, NO | 13 |
| Philadelphia, US | 11 |
| Görlitz, DE | 11 |
| Wlocation not on record | 10 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 10 |
| KMNlocation not on record | 10 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 9 |
| Lausanne, CH | 9 |
| Berlin, DE | 9 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 9 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 8 |
| Porvoo, FI | 8 |
| Glarus, CH | 7 |
| John May Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 6 |
| Kandalaksha State Nature Reservelocation not on record | 6 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 5 |
| Barcelona, ES | 5 |
| Dresden, DE | 4 |
| Herb. BBGlocation not on record | 4 |
| No collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 3 |
| Cambridge University Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| NMBU:MINAlocation not on record | 3 |
| Bourges, FR | 3 |
| Dhaka, BD | 3 |
| Finnish Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 3 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 3 |
| Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| CJBNlocation not on record | 3 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 2 |
| BSBIlocation not on record | 2 |
| Wellington, NZ | 2 |
| BClocation not on record | 2 |
| DBF-NHMDlocation not on record | 2 |
| Zürich, CH | 2 |
| NoColllocation not on record | 2 |
| H-Hohlalocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 2 |
| Salvador, BR | 2 |
| SZUlocation not on record | 2 |
| National Museum Waleslocation not on record | 1 |
| Tromso University Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 1 |
| Universität Erlangen-Nürnberglocation not on record | 1 |
| München, DE | 1 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Göteborg, SE | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Brussel, BE | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| Tula State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 1 |
| Macomb, US | 1 |
| nbflocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| Muséum Henri Lecoqlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNINE:NEUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Polygala amarella was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.