Compounds documented for Plocamium cartilagineum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Plocamium cartilagineum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens115
BINs3
Marker genes4
GenBank sequences10
eDNA detections112
The DNA barcodea real sequence read deposited for this species
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
OtherEuropeAsia
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P★rbcL10★ITS228S-D2
animal barcodeplant barcodefungal barcodemarker
07Deep time~159 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin159 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard periods (Jurassic, Cretaceous…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. The dashed rules marked ✦ are the five great mass extinctions. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock originmass extinction
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type31 095 records
Wild obs. + sensor12 907
Museum / vouchered13 244
Cultivated / captive1
Other4 943
Origin
Native379
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO19 988 km²
Depth
0–200 m sunlit5 349
200–1000 m twilight0
1–4 km midnight0
>4 km abyssal0
median 9.4 m · max 135 m · 5 349 records with depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy98% within 1 km
≤100 m 11 047≤1 km 602≤10 km 180>10 km 14
11 843 georeferenced · 1 064 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor12 907
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy56% within 1 km
≤100 m 395≤1 km 740≤10 km 805>10 km 77
2 017 georeferenced · 11 227 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence13 244
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Coordinate accuracy
no georeferenced coordinates · 1 records without
Open the mapnot free-living1
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions34 of 75 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Institut Francais pour l'Etude de la Merlocation not on record
687
Adelaide, AU
459
486location not on record
415
Clocation not on record
302
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korealocation not on record
248
Vancouver, CA
227
UAclocation not on record
208
Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record
154
DASSHlocation not on record
138
Wellington, NZ
126
South Kensington, GB
124
CEFASlocation not on record
121
Mount Annan, AU
99
University of Stellenboschlocation not on record
97
US
88
San Diego, US
82
Chapel Hill, US
77
WTUlocation not on record
72
Ann Arbor, US
47
Auckland, NZ
45
LDlocation not on record
40
PNHSlocation not on record
37
Durham, US
35
Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washingtonlocation not on record
35
MeiseBGlocation not on record
31
València, ES
29
KMNlocation not on record
27
Durham, US
24
Burlington, US
22
Universidad de Oviedolocation not on record
22
Universidad de Málagalocation not on record
19
University of New Brunswick, Frederictonlocation not on record
16
Acadia Universitylocation not on record
16
Barcelona, ES
12
Bronx, US
11
UCA - SOCIBlocation not on record
11
Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacionallocation not on record
10
National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record
10
Corvallis, US
10
BDBClocation not on record
9
Tartu Fungal Culture Collectionlocation not on record
9
Kensington, AU
9
Puerto Ayora, EC
8
Edmonton, CA
7
James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record
7
ISAlocation not on record
7
Bando, JP
6
Davis, US
5
Madrid, ES
5
Hobart, AU
5
Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record
4
Museum national d'Histoire naturellelocation not on record
4
Brisbane, AU
3
Buenos Aires, AR
3
Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschunglocation not on record
3
Arcata, US
3
Bourges, FR
3
Canberra, AU
2
QVMAGlocation not on record
2
Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record
2
Parkville, AU
2
Tampa, US
2
IPA/SPlocation not on record
2
John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record
2
MAlocation not on record
1
Western Australian Herbariumlocation not on record
1
La Trobe Universitylocation not on record
1
Santa Cruz, US
1
Musée des Confluenceslocation not on record
1
Uppsala, SE
1
PHlocation not on record
1
Marine Biological Association of the UKlocation not on record
1
Australian Institute of Marine Sciencelocation not on record
1
Stockholm, SE
1
nbflocation not on record
1
75 institutions · 4 358 of 13 244 vouchered records shown · 256 without an institution code
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
09Environmental DNA112 detections
Where the DNA of Plocamium cartilagineum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found112
Studies independent surveys2
Countries9
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 112 detections have coordinates
Open the map9 countries0
rocky IntertidalRocky shore
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Measured at samplingin-field
Temperature19.5 °C 10.8–22.5
pH8.03 7.73–8.20
Conductivity50,000 µS/cm 38,000–53,000
Salinity35.9 PSU 24.5–36.9
Dissolved oxygen7.72 mg/L 7.14–9.03
Turbidity0.34 NTU 0.14–1.66
Nitrate0.4 µmol/L
Depth1.00 m 0.5–46.0
Coastal waterPelagic
27 samples with on-site data · median with range · describes the sample, not the organism
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median11.7 °C 7.60–20.0
Seasonal swing summer↔winter9.60 °C
Max temp (day)13.0 °C 9.40–23.3
Min temp (night)9.40 °C 6.10–16.2
Precipitation59.3 mm/mo 23.9–103
Air humidity62.7 % 54.7–64.4
Moisture balance39.6 mm/mo
Vapour deficit505 Pa 393–1,056
Wind speed7.10 m/s
Cloud cover47.2 % 10.6–56.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 109 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation2 languages↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility15 240 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System15 855 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI112 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics115 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗