Pleurotus ostreatus
(Jacq.) P.Kumm. · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Pleurotus ostreatus's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation18 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility43 377 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System544 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI816 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics164 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
FooDBThe Metabolomics Innovation Centrecompounds↗
foodatlascompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Pleurotus ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, oyster fungus, or hiratake, is a common edible mushroom. It was first cultivated in Germany as a subsistence measure during World War IEger, G., Eden, G. & Wissig, E. (1976). Pleurotus ostreatus – breeding potential of a new cultivated mushroom. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 47: 155–163. and is now grown commercially around the world for food. It is related to the similarly cultivated king oyster mushroom. Oyster mushrooms can also be used industrially for mycoremediation purposes. The oyster mushroom is one of the more commonly sought wild mushrooms, though it can also be cultivated on straw and other media. It has the bittersweet aroma of benzaldehyde (which is also characteristic of bitter almonds).
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Pleurotus ostreatus across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds6 329 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| WATER | 89,240 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| alpha-d-glucosyl-(1->2)-[(2->6)-beta-d-fructosyl]n | 51,600 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| SUCROSE | 51,600 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| Cholesterol | 30,000 mg/100 g | FooDB | |
| ALPHA-MALTOSE | 29,210 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| MALTOSE | 29,210 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| 4-[(1->4)-alpha-d-glucosyl]n-d-glucose | 29,210 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| FRUCTOSE | 19,700 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| beta-d-fructofuranose | 19,700 mg/100g | FoodAtlas | |
| (2->1)-beta-d-fructan | 19,700 mg/100g | FoodAtlas |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Pleurotus ostreatus has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Pleurotus ostreatus carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type43 921 records
Range
Depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions63 of 126 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Bronx, US | 262 |
| Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Researchlocation not on record | 156 |
| Chicago, US | 118 |
| TENN-Flocation not on record | 107 |
| Zapopan, MX | 106 |
| Durham, US | 97 |
| Olocation not on record | 73 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 57 |
| Davis and Elkins Collegelocation not on record | 45 |
| Görlitz, DE | 34 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 34 |
| Uppsala, SE | 34 |
| Toronto, CA | 33 |
| Helsinki, FI | 33 |
| Chiba, JP | 28 |
| Catholic University of Pekinglocation not on record | 28 |
| Copenhagen, DK | 27 |
| Tartu, EE | 26 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 26 |
| Bando, JP | 26 |
| Cincinnati, US | 25 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 24 |
| Blacksburg, US | 24 |
| Université de Montréal Biodiversity Centrelocation not on record | 24 |
| ILLSlocation not on record | 24 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 22 |
| Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabascolocation not on record | 21 |
| Vitoria, ES | 21 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 21 |
| Osaka, JP | 21 |
| Tomioka, JP | 20 |
| HabitatVisionlocation not on record | 19 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 18 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 18 |
| Kew, GB | 18 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 18 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 17 |
| St. Paul, US | 16 |
| Kyiv, UA | 16 |
| Pullman, US | 16 |
| Odawara, JP | 15 |
| JA-CAGPDS-CAMlocation not on record | 15 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 14 |
| Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record | 12 |
| Vancouver, CA | 12 |
| Joensuu, FI | 12 |
| WU-MYClocation not on record | 11 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 10 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 10 |
| Mlocation not on record | 10 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 9 |
| LDlocation not on record | 9 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 9 |
| Philadelphia, US | 9 |
| Warsaw, PL | 9 |
| University of the Philippines Los Baños Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 8 |
| TROMlocation not on record | 7 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 7 |
| Kuopio, FI | 6 |
| Brisbane, AU | 6 |
| Salzburg, AT | 6 |
| Denver, US | 6 |
| Lincoln, US | 6 |
| Champaign, US | 6 |
| Baton Rouge, US | 5 |
| Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record | 5 |
| Göteborg, SE | 5 |
| Trondheim, NO | 5 |
| Slovenian Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 5 |
| Grupo Actinomicetales Merida Facultad de Medicinalocation not on record | 5 |
| Mexico City, MX | 5 |
| KOMlocation not on record | 5 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 4 |
| Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung: Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseumlocation not on record | 4 |
| US | 4 |
| V. N. Karazin National Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| National Mushroom Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Bhutanlocation not on record | 4 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 4 |
| Durango, MX | 4 |
| Acadia Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Royal Ontario Museum, TRTC Fungariumlocation not on record | 4 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 4 |
| Zürich, CH | 3 |
| Córdoba, ES | 3 |
| Hobart, AU | 3 |
| MAlocation not on record | 3 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 3 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Colorado State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| nsnflocation not on record | 2 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 2 |
| Laramie, US | 2 |
| Staten Island, US | 2 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 2 |
| PHlocation not on record | 2 |
| Helsinki, FI | 2 |
| Blumenau, BR | 2 |
| Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistanlocation not on record | 1 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Warsawlocation not on record | 1 |
| University of Oslo, Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Burlington, US | 1 |
| Auckland, NZ | 1 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Madison, US | 1 |
| Personal Herbarium of Joanne Schwartzlocation not on record | 1 |
| Salamanca, ES | 1 |
| IB FRC Komi SC UB RASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| Gujarat Biodiversity Gene Banklocation not on record | 1 |
| California State University, East Baylocation not on record | 1 |
| Surgut State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| Brown Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| National Museum of Natural Sciencelocation not on record | 1 |
| Masindi, UG | 1 |
| Asheville, US | 1 |
| Personal Herbarium of Brett Stevenslocation not on record | 1 |
| DIEF VALONSADEROlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tampa, US | 1 |
| Turku, FI | 1 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Pleurotus ostreatus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.